Kurapa mvura yakasviba ine acid

Mvura yakasviba ine acidic imvura yakasviba ine pH iri pasi pe6. Zvichienderana nemhando dzakasiyana uye huwandu hweasidhi, mvura yakasviba ine acid inogona kukamurwa kuita inorganic acid wastewater uye organic acid wastewater. Mvura yakasviba ine acid yakasimba uye isina acid wastewater; Monoacid wastewater uye polyacid wastewater; Low concentration acid wastewater uye high concentration acid wastewater. Kazhinji mvura yakasviba ine acid, pamusoro pekuva ne acid, inowanzovawo ne heavy metal ions nemunyu wayo nezvimwe zvinhu zvinokuvadza. Mvura yakasviba ine acid inobva kunzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira mine drainage, hydrometallurgy, steel rolling, surface acid treatment yesimbi nesimbi dzisina ferrous, chemical industry, acid production, dyes, electrolysis, electroplating, artificial fibers nezvimwe zvikamu zveindasitiri. Mvura yakajairika ine acidic i sulfuric acid wastewater, inoteverwa ne hydrochloric acid ne nitric acid wastewater. Gore rega rega, China yava kuda kuburitsa anoda kusvika miriyoni imwe cubic metres ye industrial waste acid, kana mvura iyi yakasviba ikaburitswa zvakananga isina kurapwa, ichaparadza mapaipi, ichakuvadza zvirimwa, ichakuvadza hove, ichakuvadza ngarava, uye ichaparadza hutano hwezvakatipoteredza. Mvura yakasviba ine acid yemaindasitiri inofanira kugadziriswa kuti isangane nezvinodiwa nenyika isati yabudiswa, mvura yakasviba ine acid inogona kudzokororwa uye kushandiswazve. Pakurapa acid yemarara, nzira dzinogona kusarudzwa dzinosanganisira kurapwa nemunyu, nzira yekuunganidza, nzira yekubvisa makemikari, nzira yekubvisa, nzira yekuchinjana ion resin, nzira yekuparadzanisa membrane, nezvimwewo.

1. kudzokorodza munyu

Zvinonzi salting out kushandisa mvura yakawanda ine munyu wakawanda kuti ibvise tsvina yese iri muasidhi yetsvina. Zvisinei, nzira iyi ichagadzira hydrochloric acid uye ichakanganisa kudzoserwa nekushandiswa kwesulfuric acid muasidhi yetsvina, saka nzira yekubvisa tsvina yetsvina iri muasidhi yetsvina uchishandisa sodium bisulphate saturated solution yakadzidzwa.
Asidhi yemarara ine sulfuric acid nezvimwe zvinhu zvisina kuchena, izvo zvinonyanya kuva 6-chloro-3-nitrotoluene-4 sulfonic acid uye ma isomers akasiyana-siyana kunze kwe6-chloro-3-nitrotoluene-4-sulfonic acid inogadzirwa ne toluene mukuita kwe sulfonation, chlorination uye nitrification. Nzira ye salting out ndeyekushandisa mvura yakawanda ine munyu wakazara kuti ibvise tsvina yese ye organic mu waste acid. Nzira ye salt-out recycling haingogone kubvisa tsvina yakasiyana-siyana ye organic mu waste acid chete, asiwo kudzosa sulfuric acid kuti iiswe mukugadzirwa kwe cycle, kuchengetedza mari nesimba.

2. Nzira yekugocha

Nzira yekugocha inoshandiswa kune inoshanduka kuita hydrochloric acid, iyo inoparadzaniswa kubva mumushonga nekubika kuti iwane simba rekupora.

3. Nzira yekubvisa makemikari

Maitiro ekutanga eH+(aq)+OH-(aq)=H2O inyaya yakakosha yekurapa mvura yakasviba ine acid. Nzira dzakajairika dzekurapa mvura yakasviba ine acid dzinosanganisira kurerutsa nekudzokorodza, kurerutsa mvura yakasviba ine acid-base, kurerutsa mishonga, kurerutsa kusvina, nezvimwewo. Mumazuva ekutanga emamwe mabhizinesi esimbi nesimbi muChina, mazhinji acho aishandisa nzira yekurerutsa acid-base kurapa mvura yakasviba yehydrochloric acid nesulfuric acid pickling, zvekuti pH value yakasvika padanho rekuburitsa. Sodium carbonate (soda ash), sodium hydroxide, limestone kana lime sezvinhu zvekugadzirisa kurerutsa acid-base, kushandiswa kwakajairika kwakachipa, kuri nyore kugadzira lime.

4. Nzira yekubvisa

Kubviswa kwemvura ine acid, inozivikanwawo sekubvisa solvent, iyuniti inoshanda inoshandisa musiyano mukunyungudika kwezvikamu zviri mumvura ine acid mu solvent yakakodzera kuti iparadzaniswe. Mukurapa mvura ine acid, zvakakosha kuti mvura ine acid ine acid ne organic solvent zvibatane zvizere, kuitira kuti tsvina iri mu waste acid iendeswe kune solvent. Zvinodiwa zve extractant ndeizvi: (1) kuti waste acid ive isina simba, haisanganisike nemakemikari ne waste acid, uye hainyungudike mu waste acid; (2) Tsvina iri mu waste acid ine high partition coefficient mu extractant ne sulfuric acid; (3) Mutengo wacho wakachipa uye uri nyore kuwana; (4) Zviri nyore kupatsanura kubva kutsvina, kurasikirwa kudiki kana uchibvisa. Zvinowanzo shandiswa zvinosanganisira benzene (toluene, nitrobenzene, chlorobenzene), phenols (creosote crude diphenol), halogenated hydrocarbons (trichloroethane, dichloroethane), isopropyl ether uye N-503.

5. nzira yekuchinjana maion resin

Nheyo huru yekurapa mvura ine acid yeorganic ne ion exchange resin ndeyekuti mamwe ma ion exchange resins anogona kutora organic acids kubva mu waste acid solution uye kubvisa inorganic acids ne metal salts kuti aparadzanise ma acids ne salts dzakasiyana.

6. nzira yekuparadzanisa membrane

Pamvura ine acidic, nzira dzekurapa ne membrane dzakadai se dialysis ne electrodialysis dzinogona kushandiswawo. Kudzoreredza membrane yeasidhi yetsvina kunonyanya kushandisa musimboti we dialysis, iyo inokonzerwa nekusiyana kwehuwandu hwezvinhu. Mudziyo wese unoumbwa ne diffusion dialysis membrane, liquid dispensing plate, reinforcement plate, liquid flow plate frame, nezvimwewo, uye inoita separation effect nekuparadzanisa zvinhu mumvura ine tsvina.

7. nzira yekutonhodza kristalllization

Nzira yekutonhodza crystallization inzira yekuderedza tembiricha yemushonga uye kuita kuti mvura inyunguduke. Inoshandiswa mukurapa waste acid kuti tsvina iri muwaste acid itonhodzerwe kuti iwane acid solution inoenderana nezvinodiwa uye inogona kushandiswazve. Semuenzaniso, waste sulfuric acid inoburitswa kubva muacyl-washing process yerolling mill ine ferrous sulfate yakawanda, iyo inobatwa ne concentration-crystallization uye filtration. Mushure mekubviswa kweferrous sulfate nekusefa, acid inogona kudzoserwa ku steel pickling process kuti irambe ichishandiswa.

Kutonhodza crystallization kune mashandisirwo akawanda emaindasitiri, ayo anoratidzwa pano nemaitiro ekubika simbi. Mukuita kwesimbi nekugadzira michina, sulfuric acid solution inowanzo shandiswa kubvisa ngura pamusoro pesimbi. Nokudaro, kudzokorodza marara eacid kunogona kuderedza zvakanyanya mari nekuchengetedza nharaunda. Kutonhodza crystallization kunoshandiswa mumaindasitiri kuita izvi.

8. Nzira yekuisa oxidation

Nzira iyi yagara ichishandiswa kwenguva yakareba, uye musimboti ndeyekuparadza tsvina yeorganic iri muwaste sulfuric acid ne oxidizing agents mumamiriro ezvinhu akakodzera, kuitira kuti ikwanise kushandurwa kuita carbon dioxide, mvura, nitrogen oxides, nezvimwewo, uye iparadzaniswe ne sulfuric acid, kuitira kuti waste sulfuric acid ikwanise kucheneswa uye kudzoserwa. Ma oxidants anowanzoshandiswa i hydrogen peroxide, nitric acid, perchloric acid, hypochlorous acid, nitrate, ozone nezvimwewo. Oxidizer yega yega ine zvayakanakira nezvayakaipira.