Kemikari uye maitiro ekubvisa ammonia nitrogen kubva mumvura
1. Chii chinonzi ammonia nitrogen?
Ammonia nitrogen zvinoreva ammonia muchimiro cheammonia yakasununguka (kana kuti non-ionic ammonia, NH3) kana ionic ammonia (NH4+). pH yakakwira uye chikamu chakakwira cheammonia yakasununguka; Kusiyana neizvi, chikamu chemunyu weammonium chakakwira.
Ammonia nitrogen chinhu chinovaka muviri chiri mumvura, chinogona kukonzera kuzara kwemvura, uye ndicho chinhu chikuru chinosvibisa okisijeni mumvura, icho chine chepfu kuhove nezvimwe zvipenyu zvemumvura.
Mhedzisiro huru yekukuvadza kweammonia nitrogen pazvisikwa zvemumvura iammonia isina munyu, ine chepfu yakawanda kupfuura yeammonium salt, uye inowedzera nekuwedzera kwealkalinity. Chepfu yeammonia nitrogen inoenderana zvakanyanya nehuwandu hwepH uye tembiricha yemvura yedziva, kazhinji, huwandu hwepH netembiricha yemvura zvakakwirira, chepfu yacho inowedzerawo.
Nzira mbiri dzinoshandiswa pakuongorora ammonia dzinoshandiswa pakuongorora ammonia ndedzeNessler reagent method uye phenol-hypochlorite method. Titrations nemagetsi nzira dzinoshandiswawo pakuongorora ammonia; Kana ammonia nitrogen yakawanda, nzira ye distillation titration inogona kushandiswawo. (Zviyero zvenyika zvinosanganisira Nath's reagent method, salicylic acid spectrophotometry, distillation - titration method)
2. Maitiro ekubvisa nitrogen yemuviri uye yemakemikari
① Nzira yekuchenesa makemikari
Nzira yekubvisa ammonia kubva mumakemikari, inozivikanwawo seMAP precipitation method, ndeyekuwedzera magnesium nephosphoric acid kana hydrogen phosphate mumvura yakasviba ine ammonia nitrogen, kuitira kuti NH4+ iri mumvura yakasviba iite seMg+ nePO4- mumvura ine mvura kuti igadzire ammonium magnesium phosphate precipitation, fomura yemamorekuru ndiyo MgNH4P04.6H20, kuitira kuti chinangwa chekubvisa ammonia nitrogen chibudirire. Magnesium ammonium phosphate, inozivikanwawo se struvite, inogona kushandiswa se compost, soil additive kana fire retardant yekuvaka zvigadzirwa zvekuvaka. Reaction equation ndeiyi inotevera:
Mg++ NH4 + + PO4 – = MgNH4P04
Zvinhu zvikuru zvinokanganisa mhedzisiro yekurapwa kwemvura inonaya nemakemikari i pH, tembiricha, ammonia nitrogen concentration uye molar ratio (n(Mg+) : n(NH4+) : n(P04-)). Zvakabuda zvinoratidza kuti kana pH iri 10 uye molar ratio yemagnesium, nitrogen nephosphorus iri 1.2:1:1.2, mhedzisiro yekurapwa iri nani.
Kushandisa magnesium chloride nedisodium hydrogen phosphate sezvinhu zvinoderedza kupisa, mhedzisiro inoratidza kuti mhedzisiro yekurapa iri nani kana pH iri 9.5 uye molar ratio yemagnesium, nitrogen nephosphorus iri 1.2:1:1.
Zvakabuda zvinoratidza kuti MgC12+Na3PO4.12H20 iri nani pane mimwe misanganiswa yezvinokonzeresa mvura. Kana pH iri 10.0, tembiricha iri 30℃, n(Mg+) : n(NH4+) : n(P04-)= 1:1:1, huwandu hwakawanda hweammonia nitrogen mumvura yakasviba mushure mekukurunga kwemaminitsi makumi matatu hunoderedzwa kubva pa222mg/L usati warapwa kusvika pa17mg/L, uye mwero wekubvisa i92.3%.
Nzira yekubvisa mvura nemakemikari pamwe chete nenzira yekubvisa mvura ne membrane yemvura zvakasanganiswa kuti zvibatsire pakurapa mvura yakasviba ine ammonia nitrogen yakawanda. Pasi pemamiriro ekugadzirisa mvura, huwandu hweammonia nitrogen hwakasvika 98.1%, uye kurapwa kwakawedzerwa nenzira ye liquid film kwakaderedza huwandu hweammonia nitrogen kusvika 0.005g/L, zvichisvika padanho repamusoro renyika.
Kubviswa kwemaion esimbi e divalent (Ni+, Mn+, Zn+, Cu+, Fe+) kunze kweMg+ paammonia nitrogen pasi pekushanda kwephosphate kwakaongororwa. Maitiro matsva eCaSO4 precipitation-MAP precipitation akakurudzirwa pamvura yakasviba yeammonium sulfate. Mhedzisiro yacho inoratidza kuti NaOH regulator yechinyakare inogona kutsiviwa ne lime.
Chinhu chakanaka chekushandisa nzira yekubvisa tsvina yemakemikari ndechekuti kana mvura yakasviba yeammonia nitrogen yakawanda, kushandiswa kwedzimwe nzira kushoma, senge nzira yezvebhayoloji, nzira yekubvisa chlorination, nzira yekuparadzanisa membrane, nzira yekuchinjana ion, nezvimwewo. Panguva ino, nzira yekubvisa tsvina yemakemikari inogona kushandiswa pakurapa. Kubudirira kwekubvisa tsvina yemakemikari kuri nani, uye hakugumiri pakupisa, uye kushanda kwacho kuri nyore. Dongo rine magnesium ammonium phosphate rinogona kushandiswa sefetereza inosanganisa kushandiswa kwemarara, nokudaro richibvisa chikamu chemutengo; Kana richigona kusanganiswa nemamwe mabhizinesi eindasitiri anogadzira mvura yakasviba yephosphate nemabhizinesi anogadzira salt brine, rinogona kuchengetedza mari yemishonga uye kuita kuti kushandiswa kwayo kuve nyore.
Dambudziko rekushandisa nzira yekubvisa mvura kubva mumakemikari nderekuti nekuda kwekudziviswa kwekunyungudika kweammonium magnesium phosphate, mushure mekunge ammonia nitrogen mumvura yakasviba yasvika pakuwanda kwakati, kubviswa kwayo hakuonekwe uye mutengo wekupinda unowedzera zvakanyanya. Saka, nzira yekubvisa mvura kubva mumakemikari inofanira kushandiswa pamwe chete nedzimwe nzira dzakakodzera kurapwa kwepamusoro. Huwandu hwe reagent inoshandiswa hwakakura, tsvina inogadzirwa yakakura, uye mutengo wekurapa wakakwira. Kuunzwa kwema chloride ions uye residual phosphorus panguva yekushandiswa kwemakemikari kunogona kukonzera kusvibiswa kwechipiri.
Mugadziri uye Mutengesi weAluminium Sulfate wekutengesa | EVERBRIGHT (cnchemist.com)
②nzira yekubvisa pfuti
Nzira yekubvisa ammonia nitrogen nekushandisa blowing ndeyekugadzirisa pH value kuita alkaline, kuitira kuti ammonia ion iri mumvura yakasviba ishandurwe kuita ammonia, kuitira kuti ivepo zvakanyanya muchimiro che free ammonia, uye ipapo free ammonia inobviswa mumvura yakasviba kuburikidza ne carrier gas, kuitira kuti chinangwa chekubvisa ammonia nitrogen chibudirire. Zvinhu zvikuru zvinokanganisa kushanda zvakanaka kwe blowing i pH value, tembiricha, gas-liquid ratio, gas flow rate, initial concentration nezvimwewo. Parizvino, nzira ye blow-off inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukurapa mvura yakasviba ine high concentration ye ammonia nitrogen.
Kubviswa kweammonia nitrogen kubva mudura remarara nenzira yekubvisa mvura kwakadzidzwa. Zvakaonekwa kuti zvinhu zvikuru zvinodzora kushanda kwekubvisa mvura kwaive tembiricha, gasi-liquid ratio uye pH value. Kana tembiricha yemvura yadarika 2590, gasi-liquid ratio inenge 3500, uye pH iri 10.5, chiyero chekubvisa mvura chinogona kusvika kupfuura 90% yedura remarara ne ammonia nitrogen concentration inosvika 2000-4000mg/L. Mhedzisiro yacho inoratidza kuti kana pH = 11.5, tembiricha yekubvisa mvura iri 80cC uye nguva yekubvisa mvura iri 120min, chiyero chekubvisa ammonia nitrogen mumvura yakasviba chinogona kusvika 99.2%.
Kushanda zvakanaka kwemvura yakasviba yeammonia nitrogen yakawanda kwakaitwa nekushandisa countercurrent blowing-off tower. Zvakabuda zvakaratidza kuti kushanda zvakanaka kweblowing-off kwakawedzera nekuwedzera kwepH. Kana gas-liquid ratio yakakura, simba reammonia stripping mass transfer rinowedzera, uye kushanda zvakanaka kwestripping kunowedzerawo.
Kubvisa ammonia nitrogen nenzira yekuputira kunoshanda, kuri nyore kushandisa uye kuri nyore kudzora. Ammonia nitrogen inoputirwa inogona kushandiswa sechinhu chinonyudza sulfuric acid, uye sulfuric acid inogadzirwa inogona kushandiswa sefetereza. Nzira yekuputira inyanzvi inoshandiswa zvakanyanya pakubvisa nitrogen yemuviri neyemakemikari pari zvino. Zvisinei, nzira yekuputira ine zvimwe zvakaipa, zvakaita sekukwira kwemvura mushongwe yekuputira, kushanda kwakaderera kwekubvisa ammonia nitrogen patembiricha yakaderera, uye kusvibiswa kwechipiri kunokonzerwa negasi rekuputira. Nzira yekuputira inowanzo sanganiswa nedzimwe nzira dzekurapa mvura yakasviba yeammonia nitrogen kuti igadzirise mvura yakasviba yeammonia nitrogen ine huwandu hwakawanda.
③Kubvisa chlorine munzvimbo dzakapwanyika
Maitiro ekubvisa ammonia ne break point chlorination ndeyekuti chlorine gasi rinoita mubatanidzwa neammonia kuti ribudise nitrogen gasi risingakuvadzi, uye N2 inobuda mumhepo, zvichiita kuti reaction source iende kurudyi. Nzira ye reaction ndeiyi:
HOCl NH4 + + 1.5 – > 0.5 N2 H20 H++ Cl – 1.5 + 2.5 + 1.5)
Kana gasi rechlorine rikaendeswa mumvura yakasviba kuenda kunzvimbo yakati, huwandu hwechlorine yakasununguka mumvura hunenge hwakaderera, uye huwandu hweammonia hunenge husisiri zero. Kana huwandu hwegesi rechlorine hukapfuura nepakati, huwandu hwechlorine yakasununguka mumvura huchawedzera, saka, nzvimbo yacho inonzi break point, uye chlorination iri mumamiriro aya inonzi break point chlorination.
Nzira yekubvisa chlorination inoshandiswa kurapa mvura yakasviba inocherwa mushure mekuputirwa neammonia nitrogen, uye mhedzisiro yekurapa inokanganiswa zvakananga nemaitiro ekubvisa ammonia nitrogen usati warapa. Kana 70% yeammonia nitrogen mumvura yakasviba ikabviswa nemaitiro ekubvisa uye yozogadziriswa ne break point chlorination, huwandu hwakawanda hweammonia nitrogen mumvura yakasviba hunenge huri pasi pe15mg/L. Zhang Shengli nevamwe vakatora mvura yakasviba yeammonia nitrogen yakaenzaniswa nehuwandu hwakawanda hwe100mg/L sechinangwa chekutsvagisa, uye mhedzisiro yekutsvagisa yakaratidza kuti zvinhu zvikuru nezvidiki zvinokanganisa kubviswa kweammonia nitrogen ne oxidation ye sodium hypochlorite yaive chiyero chehuwandu hwechlorine kune ammonia nitrogen, nguva yekuita, uye pH kukosha.
Nzira yekubvisa chlorination ine simba guru rekubvisa nitrogen, mwero wekubvisa unogona kusvika 100%, uye huwandu hweammonia mumvura yakasviba hunogona kudzikiswa kusvika zero. Mhedzisiro yacho yakagadzikana uye haikanganisike nekupisa; Midziyo mishoma yekudyara, mhinduro inokurumidza uye yakakwana; Ine simba rekubvisa sterilization uye disinfecting mumvura. Kushandiswa kwenzira yekubvisa chlorination ndeyekuti huwandu hwemvura yakasviba yeammonia nitrogen huri pasi pe40mg/L, saka nzira yekubvisa chlorination inonyanya kushandiswa pakurapa mvura yakasviba yeammonia nitrogen. Chinodiwa chekushandisa nekuchengetedza zvakachengeteka chakakwira, mutengo wekurapa wakakwira, uye chloramines nezvimwe zvinhu zvinokonzera kusvibiswa kwemuviri.
④nzira yekuoxidation ye catalytic
Nzira yekuoxidation yeCatalytic ndeye kuburikidza nekushanda kwecatalyst, pasi pekupisa kwakati uye kumanikidzwa, kuburikidza nekuoxidation yemhepo, organic matter uye ammonia mutsvina inogona kuoxidized uye kuora kuita zvinhu zvisina njodzi zvakaita seCO2, N2 neH2O, kuti kuzadzisa chinangwa chekucheneswa.
Zvinhu zvinokanganisa mhedzisiro ye catalytic oxidation zvinosanganisira maitiro e catalyst, tembiricha, nguva yekuita, pH value, ammonia nitrogen concentration, pressure, stirging intensity nezvimwewo.
Maitiro ekuora kwe ammonia nitrogen yakazorwa akaongororwa. Zvakabuda zvakaratidza kuti kana pH yawedzera, mhando yeHO radical ine kugona kwakasimba kwekuoxidation yakagadzirwa, uye chiyero chekuoxidation chakakurumidza zvikuru. Zvidzidzo zvinoratidza kuti ozone inogona oxidize ammonia nitrogen kuita nitrite uye nitrite kuita nitrate. Kuwanda kweammonia nitrogen mumvura kunoderera nekuwedzera kwenguva, uye chiyero chekubviswa kweammonia nitrogen chingangoita 82%. CuO-Mn02-Ce02 yakashandiswa semushonga unosanganisa kurapa mvura yakasviba yeammonia nitrogen. Zvakabuda mukuyedza zvinoratidza kuti kushanda kwemushonga unosanganisa nitrogen kuchangobva kugadzirwa kwakavandudzwa zvakanyanya, uye mamiriro akakodzera ekuita zvinhu ndee255℃, 4.2MPa uye pH=10.8. Mukurapa mvura yakasviba yeammonia nitrogen nehuwandu hwekutanga hwe1023mg/L, chiyero chekubviswa kweammonia nitrogen chinogona kusvika 98% mukati memaminitsi 150, kusvika padanho renyika rechipiri (50mg/L).
Kushanda kweTiO2 photocatalyst inotsigirwa nezeolite kwakaongororwa nekudzidza chiyero chekuora kweammonia nitrogen musulfuric acid solution. Zvakabuda zvinoratidza kuti chiyero chakakodzera cheTi02/zeolite photocatalyst i1.5g/L uye nguva yekuita ndeyemaawa mana pasi pemwaranzi yeultraviolet. Chiyero chekubvisa ammonia nitrogen kubva mumvura yakasviba chinogona kusvika 98.92%. Mhedzisiro yekubvisa iron yakawanda nenano-chin dioxide pasi pechiedza cheultraviolet paphenol neammonia nitrogen yakaongororwa. Zvakabuda zvinoratidza kuti chiyero chekubvisa ammonia nitrogen i97.5% kana pH=9.0 ikashandiswa kumushonga weammonia nitrogen nehuwandu hwe50mg/L, inova 7.8% uye 22.5% yakakwira kupfuura yeiron yakawanda kana Chine dioxide chete.
Nzira yeCatalytic oxidation ine zvakanakira zvekuchenesa kwakanyanya, nzira iri nyore, nzvimbo diki yepasi, nezvimwewo, uye inowanzoshandiswa kurapa mvura yakasviba ine ammonia nitrogen yakawanda. Dambudziko rekushandisa nderekuti ungadzivirira sei kurasikirwa necatalyst uye ngura yemidziyo.
⑤ nzira yekuoxidation yemagetsi
Nzira yekuoxidation yemagetsi inoreva nzira yekubvisa tsvina mumvura uchishandisa electrooxidation ine catalytic activity. Zvinhu zvinopesvedzera i current density, inlet flow rate, outlet time uye point solution time.
Kuongororwa kwemvura yakasviba yeammonia-nitrogen mumasero eelectrolytic anotenderera kwakaongororwa, uko positive iri Ti/Ru02-TiO2-Ir02-SnO2 network electric uye negative iri Ti network electric. Zvakabuda zvinoratidza kuti kana huwandu hwechloride ion huri 400mg/L, huwandu hwekutanga hweammonia nitrogen huri 40mg/L, huwandu hwemvura inoyerera hunosvika 600mL/min, huwandu hwemvura huripo huri 20mA/cm, uye nguva yemagetsi iri 90min, huwandu hwemvura inobviswa hunosvika 99.37%. Zvinoratidza kuti electrolytic oxidation yemvura yakasviba yeammonia-nitrogen ine mukana wakanaka wekushandisa.
3. Maitiro ekubvisa nitrogen yemakemikari
① nitrification yose uye denitrification
Kuisa nitrification muropa rose uye kuchenesa mvura (denitrification) inzira yehupenyu yagara ichishandiswa kwenguva yakareba pari zvino. Inoshandura ammonia nitrogen mumvura yakasviba kuita nitrogen kuburikidza nekuita kwakasiyana-siyana kwakadai sekuisa nitrification uye kuchenesa mvura yakasviba pasi pesimba rezvipembenene zvakasiyana-siyana, kuitira kuti chinangwa chekurapa mvura yakasviba chibudirire. Maitiro ekuisa nitrification uye kuchenesa mvura yakasviba anofanira kupfuura nematanho maviri:
Nitrification reaction: Nitrification reaction inopedzwa ne aerobic autotrophic microorganisms. Mu aerobic state, inorganic nitrogen inoshandiswa senzvimbo ye nitrogen kushandura NH4+ kuita NO2-, uye yozoiswa oxidized kuita NO3-. Maitiro e nitrification anogona kukamurwa kuita zvikamu zviviri. Muchikamu chechipiri, nitrite inoshandurwa kuita nitrate (NO3-) ne nitrifying bacteria, uye nitrite inoshandurwa kuita nitrate (NO3-) ne nitrifying bacteria.
Kugadzirisa kwemvura: Kugadzirisa kwemvura inzira iyo mabhakitiriya anoderedza nitrite nitrogen ne nitrate nitrogen kuita gaseous nitrogen (N2) kana munhu ashaya mvura yakawanda. Mabhakitiriya anoderedza mvura yakawanda ibhakitiriya dze heterotrophic, dzakawanda dzacho dziri dze amphictic bacteria. Kana munhu ashaya mvura yakawanda, anoshandisa oxygen mu nitrate se electron acceptor uye organic matter (BOD component mu sewage) se electron donor kuti ape simba uye agare akasimba uye akasimba.
Maitiro ese ekugadzira nitrification uye denitrification anosanganisira AO, A2O, oxidation ditch, nezvimwewo, inova nzira yakakura inoshandiswa muindasitiri yekubvisa nitrogen yebiological.
Nzira yese ye nitrification uye denitrification ine zvakanakira zvekushanda kwakasimba, kushanda kuri nyore, kusasvibisa kwechipiri uye mutengo wakaderera. Nzira iyi ine zvimwe zvinokanganisa, zvakaita sekuti kabhoni inofanira kuwedzerwa kana chiyero cheC/N mumvura yakasviba chakaderera, tembiricha inodiwa zvakanyanya, kushanda kwakaderera patembiricha yakaderera, nzvimbo yacho yakakura, kudiwa kweokisijeni kwakawanda, uye zvimwe zvinhu zvinokuvadza zvakaita seheavy metal ions zvine simba guru patupukanana, izvo zvinoda kubviswa nzira ye biological isati yaitwa. Pamusoro pezvo, huwandu hwakawanda hweammonia nitrogen mumvura yakasviba hunewo mhedzisiro yekudzivisa nitrification. Saka, kurapwa kwekutanga kunofanirwa kuitwa mvura yakasviba yeammonia nitrogen yakawanda isati yagadziriswa kuitira kuti huwandu hwemvura yakasviba yeammonia nitrogen huve pasi pe500mg/L. Nzira yechinyakare ye biological yakakodzera kurapwa kwemvura yakasviba yeammonia nitrogen ine organic matter, senge tsvina yemumba, mvura yakasviba yemakemikari, nezvimwewo.
②Kuisa nitrification panguva imwe chete uye kuchenesa nitrification (SND)
Kana nitrification ne denitrification zvichiitwa pamwe chete mu reactor imwe chete, inonzi simultaneous digestion denitrification (SND). Okisijeni yakanyungudutswa mumvura yakasviba inoganhurirwa ne diffusion rate kuti ibudise diluted oxygen gradient munzvimbo ine microenvironment pa microbial floc kana biofilm, izvo zvinoita kuti diluted oxygen gradient pamusoro pe microbial floc kana biofilm ibatsire kukura nekupararira kwe aerobic nitrifying bacteria ne ammoniating bacteria. Kana floc kana membrane yakadzika, huwandu hwe diluted oxygen hunodzikira, zvichikonzera anoxic zone uko disanitrifying bacteria inotonga. Nokudaro kuumba kugaya pamwe chete uye denitrification process. Zvinhu zvinokanganisa kugaya pamwe chete uye denitrification i PH value, tembiricha, alkalinity, organic carbon source, dissolved oxygen uye sludge age.
Nitrification/denitrification panguva imwe chete yaivepo muCarrousel oxidation ditch, uye huwandu hweoxygen yakanyungudutswa pakati pemhepo inofefetera muCarrousel oxidation ditch hwakaderera zvishoma nezvishoma, uye oxygen yakanyungudutswa muchikamu chezasi cheCarrousel oxidation ditch yaive yakaderera pane iri muchikamu chepamusoro. Kuumbwa uye kushandiswa kwenitrate nitrogen muchikamu chimwe nechimwe chechiteshi kwakaenzana, uye huwandu hweammonia nitrogen muchiteshi hunogara hwakaderera zvikuru, izvo zvinoratidza kuti nitrification uye denitrification reactions zvinoitika panguva imwe chete muCarrousel oxidation channel.
Chidzidzo chekurapa tsvina yemumba chinoratidza kuti kana CODCr yakakwira, kuchenesa mvura kunowedzera uye kubviswa kweTN kuri nani. Mhedzisiro yeoxygen yakanyungudutswa pakuchenesa mvura nekudzima mvura panguva imwe chete yakanaka. Kana oxygen yakanyungudutswa ikadzorwa pa0.5~2mg/L, mhedzisiro yekubvisa nitrogen yese yakanaka. Panguva imwe chete, nzira yekuchenesa mvura nekudzima mvura inochengetedza reactor, inopfupisa nguva yekuchinja, inoshandisa simba shoma, inochengetedza mari, uye iri nyore kuchengetedza pH yakagadzikana.
③Kugayiwa kwemuviri kwenguva pfupi uye kuchenesa masero eropa
Mu reactor imwe chete, mabhakitiriya anooxidizing ammonia anoshandiswa kuoxidize ammonia kuita nitrite pasi pemamiriro e aerobic, uye ipapo nitrite inobviswa nitrification zvakananga kuti igadzire nitrogen ine organic matter kana external carbon source se electron donor pasi pemamiriro e hypoxia. Zvinhu zvinopesvedzera nitrification yepfupi uye denitrification itembiricha, free ammonia, pH value uye dissolved oxygen.
Mhedzisiro yekupisa pakuisa nitrification yetsvina yemumaguta isina mvura yegungwa uye tsvina yemumaguta ine 30% yemvura yegungwa. Mhedzisiro yekuedza inoratidza kuti: kune tsvina yemumaguta isina mvura yegungwa, kuwedzera tembiricha kunobatsira pakuwana nitrification yetsvina yemumaguta. Kana chikamu chemvura yegungwa mutsvina yemudzimba chiri 30%, kuisa nitrification yetsvina yemudzimba kunogona kuwanikwa zviri nani mumamiriro ekupisa kwepakati nepakati. Delft University of Technology yakagadzira maitiro eSHARON, kushandiswa kwekupisa kwakanyanya (anenge 30-4090) kunobatsira pakuwanda kwemabhakitiriya e nitrite, kuitira kuti mabhakitiriya e nitrite atadze kukwikwidzana, ukuwo nekudzora zera retsvina kubvisa mabhakitiriya e nitrite, kuitira kuti nitrification reaction muchikamu che nitrite.
Zvichibva pamusiyano uripo pakati pemabhakitiriya e nitrite nemabhakitiriya e nitrite, Gent Microbial Ecology Laboratory yakagadzira nzira yeOLAND yekuzadzisa kuunganidzwa kwe nitrite nitrogen nekudzora okisijeni yakanyungudutswa kuti ibvise mabhakitiriya e nitrite.
Mhedzisiro yebvunzo yekutanga yekurapa mvura yakasviba inobikwa ne nitrification pfupi uye denitrification inoratidza kuti kana huwandu hweCOD, ammonia nitrogen, TN uye phenol huri 1201.6,510.4,540.1 uye 110.4mg/L, avhareji yehuwandu hweCOD, ammonia nitrogen, TN uye phenol iri 197.1,14.2,181.5 uye 0.4mg/L, zvichiteerana. Mwero wekubvisa wakafanana waiva 83.6%,97.2%, 66.4% uye 99.6%, zvichiteerana.
Maitiro ekuita kuti nitrification yemhando pfupi uye denitrification isvike padanho re nitrate, zvichichengetedza kabhoni inodiwa kuti nitrogen ibviswe. Ane zvakanakira mvura yakasviba yeammonia nitrogen ine C/N ratio yakaderera. Nitrification yemhando pfupi uye denitrification ine zvakanakira zvetsvina shoma, nguva pfupi yekuita uye kuchengetedza huwandu hwereactor. Zvisinei, nitrification yemhando pfupi uye denitrification inoda kuunganidzwa kwakasimba uye kwenguva refu kwe nitrite, saka nzira yekudzivirira mashandiro emabhakitiriya ane nitrifying inova chinhu chakakosha.
④ Kuoreswa kweammonia isina simba
Anaerobic ammoxidation inzira yekuoxidation yakananga yeammonia nitrogen kuita nitrogen nebhakitiriya rinozvigadzira roga pasi pe hypoxia, ne nitrous nitrogen kana nitrous nitrogen semugamuchiri wemaerekitironi.
Zvakaitwa nekupisa uye PH pabasa remuviri reanammoX zvakadzidzwa. Zvakaitwa zvakaratidza kuti tembiricha yakanaka yereaction yaive 30℃ uye pH yaive 7.8. Kugona kweanaerobic ammoX reactor kurapa salinity yakawanda uye high concentration nitrogen wastewater kwakadzidzwa. Zvakaitwa zvakaratidza kuti salinity yakawanda yakadzivisa zvakanyanya anammoX activity, uye kudziviswa uku kwakadzoserwa. Anaerobic ammox activity ye unaerobic sludge yaive yakaderera ne67.5% pane ye control sludge pasi pe salinity ye30g.L-1(NaC1). An ammoX activity ye accomplish sludge yaive yakaderera ne45.1% pane ye control. Apo accomplished sludge yakatamiswa kubva kunzvimbo ine salinity yakawanda kuenda kunzvimbo ine salinity yakaderera (isina brine), anaerobic ammoX activity yakawedzerwa ne43.1%. Zvisinei, reactor iyi inogona kudzikira kana ikashanda mumunyu wakawanda kwenguva yakareba.
Zvichienzaniswa nemaitiro echinyakare ezvehupenyu, anaerobic ammoX tekinoroji yekubvisa nitrogen yezvehupenyu inodhura zvishoma isina imwe kabhoni, kudiwa kweokisijeni kwakaderera, hapana chikonzero chekuti ma reagents adzivise, uye kugadzirwa kwetsvina kushoma. Zvakaipa zve anaerobic ammox ndezvekuti kumhanya kwe reaction kunononoka, huwandu hwe reactor hwakakura, uye kabhoni inobva mu anaerobic amMOX haina kunaka kune anaerobic amMOX, iyo ine kukosha kwakakosha pakugadzirisa mvura yakasviba ye ammonia nitrogen isina kuora zvakanaka.
4. nzira yekubvisa nitrogen nekuisanganisa
① nzira yekuparadzanisa membrane
Nzira yekuparadzanisa membrane ndeyekushandisa nzira yekusarudza kupindira kwemembrane kuti iparadzanise zvikamu zviri mumvura, kuitira kuti chinangwa chekubvisa ammonia nitrogen chibudirire. Kusanganisira reverse osmosis, nanofiltration, deammoniating membrane uye electrodialysis. Zvinhu zvinokanganisa kupatsanurwa kwemembrane maitiro emembrane, kumanikidzwa kana voltage, pH value, tembiricha uye ammonia nitrogen concentration.
Zvichienderana nehunhu hwemvura yemvura yakasviba yeammonia nitrogen inoburitswa nemuchina wekucheka marara, kuyedza kwe reverse osmosis kwakaitwa neNH4C1 neNaCI yakatevedzera mvura yakasviba. Zvakaonekwa kuti pasi pemamiriro akafanana, reverse osmosis ine mwero wepamusoro wekubvisa NaCI, nepo NHCl ine mwero wepamusoro wekugadzirwa kwemvura. Mwero wekubvisa NH4C1 i77.3% mushure mekurapwa kwe reverse osmosis, iyo inogona kushandiswa sekurapa mvura yakasviba yeammonia nitrogen isati yatanga. Tekinoroji ye reverse osmosis inogona kuchengetedza simba, kugadzikana kwakanaka kwekupisa, asi kuramba chlorine, kuramba kusvibiswa kwakashata.
Maitiro ekuparadzanisa membrane yebiochemical nanofiltration akashandiswa kurapa leachate yemarara, zvekuti 85% ~ 90% yemvura inoyerera yakaburitswa zvichienderana nemutemo, uye 0% ~ 15% chete yemvura yetsvina yakaunganidzwa nematope zvakadzoserwa kutangi remarara. Ozturki nevamwe vake vakarapa leachate yemarara yeOdayeri muTurkey ne nanofiltration membrane, uye mwero wekubvisa ammonia nitrogen waive we72%. Nanofiltration membrane inoda kumanikidzwa kwakaderera pane reverse osmosis membrane, iri nyore kushanda.
Sisitimu yekubvisa ammonia mumvura inowanzo shandiswa pakurapa mvura yakasviba neammonia nitrogen yakawanda. Ammonia nitrogen iri mumvura ine chiyero chinotevera: NH4- +OH-= NH3+H2O iri kushanda, mvura yakasviba ine ammonia inoyerera mugoko re membrane module, uye mvura inonwisa acid inoyerera mupombi ye membrane module. Kana PH yemvura yakasviba ikawedzera kana tembiricha ikakwira, equilibrium ichaenda kurudyi, uye ammonium ion NH4- inova free gaseous NH3. Panguva ino, gaseous NH3 inogona kupinda mu acid absorption liquid phase mupombi kubva mu waste water phase mugoko kuburikidza nema micropores ari pamusoro pe hollow fiber, iyo inonwisa acid solution uye pakarepo inova ionic NH4-. Chengeta PH yemvura yakasviba iri pamusoro pe10, uye tembiricha iri pamusoro pe35 ° C (pasi pe50 ° C), kuitira kuti NH4 iri mu waste water phase irambe ichiita NH3 kuenda ku absorption liquid phase migration. Nekuda kweizvozvo, huwandu hweammonia nitrogen mudivi remvura yakasviba hwakaderera nguva dzose. Chikamu chemvura inonyudzwa neacid, nekuti kune acid neNH4- chete, chinoumba munyu wakachena weammonium, uye chinosvika pakuwanda kwakati wandei mushure mekutenderera nguva dzose, izvo zvinogona kudzokororwa. Kune rumwe rutivi, kushandiswa kwetekinoroji iyi kunogona kuvandudza zvakanyanya mwero wekubvisa ammonia nitrogen mumvura yakasviba, uye kune rumwe rutivi, kunogona kuderedza mari yese yekushanda kwesystem yekurapa mvura yakasviba.
②nzira ye electrodialysis
Electrodialysis inzira yekubvisa zvinhu zvakanyungudutswa kubva mumvura ine mvura nekushandisa voltage pakati pema membrane pairs. Pasi pesimba revoltage, ma ammonia ions nemamwe ma ions ari mumvura yakasviba ye ammonia-nitrogen anowedzerwa kuburikidza ne membrane iri mumvura ine ammonia yakawanda, kuitira kuti chinangwa chekubvisa chibudirire.
Nzira ye electrodialysis yakashandiswa kurapa mvura yakasviba isina organic ine ammonia nitrogen yakawanda uye yakawana mhedzisiro yakanaka. Pamvura yakasviba ye 2000-3000mg /L yeammonia nitrogen, huwandu hweammonia nitrogen hunogona kubviswa hunopfuura 85%, uye mvura yakaomeswa yeammonia inogona kuwanikwa ne8.9%. Huwandu hwemagetsi anoshandiswa panguva yekushanda kwe electrodialysis hunoenderana nehuwandu hweammonia nitrogen mumvura yakasviba. Kurapa mvura yakasviba ne electrodialysis hakugumiri pa pH, tembiricha nekumanikidzwa, uye zviri nyore kushandisa.
Zvakanakira zvekupatsanurwa kwema membrane ndezvekuti ammonia nitrogen yakawanda inodzoserwa, kushanda kuri nyore, kugadzirisa kwakasimba uye hapana kusvibiswa kwechipiri. Zvisinei, mukurapa mvura yakasviba yeammonia nitrogen ine huwandu hwakawanda, kunze kwe membrane isina ammonia, mamwe ma membrane ari nyore kuyera uye anovharika, uye kugadzikiswa kwemvura nekusuka kumashure kunowanzoitwa, zvichiwedzera mutengo wekurapa. Saka, nzira iyi yakakodzera zvakanyanya pakurapa mvura yakasviba yeammonia nitrogen isati yatanga kana kuti ine huwandu hushoma.
③ Nzira yekuchinjana maIon
Nzira yekuchinjana maion inzira yekubvisa ammonia nitrogen kubva mumvura yakasviba uchishandisa zvinhu zvine adsorbent yakasimba yeammonia ions. Zvinhu zvinonyanya kushandiswa pakusanganisa maion iactivated carbon, zeolite, montmorillonite uye exchange resin. Zeolite imhando ye silico-aluminate ine mativi matatu enzvimbo, structure yakajairwa yemapore uye maburi, pakati payo clinoptilote ine adsorbent yakasimba yekusanganisa maion eammonia uye mutengo wakaderera, saka inowanzoshandiswa sechinhu chekusanganisa maion eammonia nitrogen muinjiniya. Zvinhu zvinokanganisa mhedzisiro yekurapa kweclinoptilote zvinosanganisira saizi yezvikamu, huwandu hweammonia nitrogen, nguva yekubata, pH kukosha nezvimwewo.
Kukanganiswa kwe zeolite ne ammonia nitrogen kuri pachena, kuchiteverwa ne ranite, uye mhedzisiro yevhu ne ceramisite haina kunaka. Nzira huru yekubvisa ammonia nitrogen kubva ku zeolite ndeyekuchinjana kwemaion, uye mhedzisiro yekusanganiswa kwe physical idiki kwazvo. mhedzisiro yekupatsanurwa kwemaion ye ceramite, ivhu ne ranite yakafanana nemhedzisiro yekusanganiswa kwe physical. Kugona kwekusanganiswa kwema fillers mana kwakadzikira nekuwedzera kwekushisa pakati pe 15-35℃, uye kwakawedzera nekuwedzera kwe pH pakati pe 3-9. Kuenzana kwekusanganiswa kwe ammonia kwakasvika mushure me 6h oscillation.
Kugona kubvisa ammonia nitrogen kubva mudura remarara ne zeolite adsorption kwakadzidzwa. Zvakabuda mukuyedza zvinoratidza kuti gramu yega yega ye zeolite ine mukana mudiki wekunyudza we 15.5mg ammonia nitrogen, kana saizi ye zeolite particle iri 30-16 mesh, mwero wekubvisa ammonia nitrogen unosvika 78.5%, uye pasi penguva imwechete yekunyudza, chiyero uye saizi ye zeolite particle, huwandu hwe ammonia nitrogen hwakakwira, mwero wekuwedzera wekunyudza, uye zvinokwanisika kuti zeolite se adsorbent ibvise ammonia nitrogen kubva mudura. Panguva imwe chete, zvinoratidzwa kuti mwero wekuwedzera kwe ammonia nitrogen ne zeolite wakaderera, uye zvakaoma kuti zeolite isvike pakukwanisa kunyudza kwakazara mukushanda kwechokwadi.
Kubviswa kwembeu ye zeolite yemubiological panitrogen, COD nedzimwe tsvina dziri mutsvina yemumusha dzakaongororwa. Zvakabuda zvinoratidza kuti huwandu hwe ammonia nitrogen inobviswa nembeu ye zeolite yemubiological hunopfuura 95%, uye kubviswa kwe nitrate nitrogen kunokanganiswa zvikuru nenguva yekugara kwe hydraulic.
Nzira yekuchinjana maion ine zvakanakira zvekudyara mari shoma, nzira iri nyore, kushanda zviri nyore, kusanzwa chepfu nekupisa, uye kushandisazve zeolite nekuvandudza. Zvisinei, pakurapa mvura yakasviba ine ammonia nitrogen yakawanda, kudzokororwa kwayo kunoitika kakawanda, izvo zvinounza kusagadzikana pakushanda, saka inofanirwa kusanganiswa nedzimwe nzira dzekurapa ammonia nitrogen, kana kushandiswa kurapa mvura yakasviba ine ammonia nitrogen ine huwandu hushoma.
Mugadziri uye Mutengesi we4A Zeolite Wholesale | EVERBRIGHT (cnchemist.com)