Mhando dzekushandiswa uye kushandiswa kwe sodium hydroxide
Mhando dzekushandiswa uye kushandiswa kwe sodium hydroxide
YANGZHOU EVERBRIGHT CHEMICAL CO.LTD.
Piritsi reCaustic soda imhando yesoda inonyungudika, inonzi sodium hydroxide, inonyungudika munyu, inoparadza zvakanyanya, inogona kushandiswa seasidhi neutralizer, ine masking agent, precipitating agent, precipitation masking agent, color agent, saponification agent, peeling agent, sipo nezvimwewo.
Zvinowanzo shandiswa pamapiritsi e caustic soda. Mashandisirwo akajairika emapiritsi e caustic soda anotsanangurwa muchidimbu seizvi:
1, kugadzira mapepa:
Zvinhu zvekugadzira mapepa zvinogadzirwa nemiti yehuni kana yehuswa, zvirimwa izvi pamwe chete necellulose, asi zvinewo huwandu hwakawanda hweisina cellulose (lignin, chingamu, nezvimwewo). Flake alkali inoshandiswa pakugadzira, uye fiber inogona kuwanikwa chete nekubvisa lignin kubva muhuni. Chikamu chisiri checellulose chinogona kunyungudutswa nekuwedzera dilute caustic soda solution, kuitira kuti cellulose ive chikamu chikuru chepulp.
2, peturu yakacheneswa:
Mushure mekunge zvigadzirwa zvepeturu zvagezwa nesulfuric acid, zvimwe zvinhu zvine acidic zvinofanirwa kugezwa netablet alkali solution, uye zvozogezwa kuti zvigadzirwe zvakanatswa.
3. Machira:
Machira edonje nerineni anoiswa mushonga we sodium hydroxide (caustic soda) kuti awedzere kunaka kwefayibha. Fayibha dzekugadzira dzakadai sedonje rekugadzira, mvere dzemakwai, rayon, nezvimwewo, kazhinji fayibha dzeviscose, dzinogadzirwa ne cellulose (yakadai se pulp), caustic soda, carbon disulfide (CS2) sezvinhu zvakabikwa, zvakagadzirwa ne viscose, nekutenderera, nekunyorovesa.
4, kudhinda uye kudhaya:
Donje rine mushonga wealkaline, rinogona kubviswa newakisi, mafuta, starch nezvimwe zvinhu, ukuwo richiwedzera ruvara rwejira, zvichiita kuti dhayi ive yakafanana.
5, kugadzira sipo:
Chinhu chikuru chinoumba sipo imunyu wesodium wemafuta acids akakwira, anowanzo gadzirwa nemafuta nealkali mapiritsi sezvinhu zvakagadziriswa kuburikidza ne saponification reaction. Pamusoro pemunyu wemafuta akawanda, sipo inewo rosin, girazi remvura, zvinonhuwira, dhayi nezvimwe zvinozadza. Muchimiro, sodium ine mafuta akawanda ine chikamu chisiri chepolar hydrophobic (boka rehydrocarbon) uye chikamu chinopisa (boka recarboxyl). Boka rinopisa rine hunhu hweoleophilic. Panguva yekugeza, mafuta ari muvhu anokurunganiswa uye anoparadzirwa kuita madonhwe madiki emafuta, uye mushure mekusangana nesipo, boka rinopisa (boka rehydrocarbon) remamorekuru emafuta akakwira rinoiswa mumadonhwe emafuta, uye mamorekuru emafuta anosunganidzwa pamwe chete nemauto evan der Waals. Boka rinopisa (boka recarboxyl), iro rinonyungudika nyore nyore mumvura, rinotambanudzwa kunze kwedonhwe remafuta uye rinoiswa mumvura. Chinhu chikuru chinoumba sipo iNaOH, asi NaOH haisi sipo. Mhinduro yayo yemvura ine mafuta uye inogona kushandiswa sesipo. Sipo imulsifier. Nheyo huru ndeye saponification reaction CH3CO0CH2CH3+NaOH=CH3COONa+CH3CH2OH, uye CH3COONa ndiyo chinhu chinoshanda mu sipo.
6, indasitiri yemakemikari:
Kana uchigadzira simbi, sodium, mvura yemagetsi inoshandiswa pamapiritsi ealkali. Kugadzirwa kwemunyu yakawanda isingasanganisike, kunyanya kugadzira mimwe munyu yesodium (yakadai seborax, sodium silicate, sodium phosphate, sodium dichromate, sodium sulfite, nezvimwewo) inoshandiswa mumapiritsi ealkali. Inoshandiswawo mukugadzirwa kwedhayi, mishonga uye organic intermediates.
7, indasitiri yesimbi:
kazhinji kushandura chikamu chinoshanda chedombo kuita munyu wesodium unonyungudika, kuitira kubvisa tsvina isinganyungudike, saka, kazhinji zvinoda kuwedzerwa mapiritsi ealkali. Semuenzaniso, mukunyungudika kwearuminiyamu, kugadzirira cryolite uye kurapwa kwebauxite zvinoshandiswa.
8, kushandiswa kwelaimu kuvandudza ivhu:
muvhu, nekuti zvinhu zvipenyu panguva yekuora zvinoburitsa maasidhi eorganic, kukanganiswa kwemaminerari kunogonawo kugadzira zvinhu zvine acid. Pamusoro pezvo, kushandiswa kwefetereza dzisina organic dzakadai seammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, nezvimwewo, kuchaitawo kuti ivhu rive neacidic. Kushandisa huwandu hwakakodzera hwe lime kunogona kuderedza acid iri muvhu, kuita kuti ivhu rikwanise kukura kwezvirimwa, uye kukurudzira kupararira kwetupukanana. Mushure mekuwedzera kweCa2+ muvhu, zvinogona kukurudzira condensation yeivhu colloid, iyo inobatsira pakuumbwa kweaggregates, uye panguva imwe chete, zvinogona kupa calcium inodiwa kuti zvirimwa zvikure.
9. Kugadzirwa kweAlumina:
Mushonga weNaOH unodziiswa kuti unyungudise alumina mubauxite uye uwane sodium aluminMhinduro yacho yabviswa. Mushure mekunge mhinduro yacho yaparadzaniswa kubva kune zvakasara (dhaka dzvuku), tembiricha inodzikiswa, aluminium hydroxide inowedzerwa sembeu yekristaro, mushure menguva yakareba ichikurunga, sodium aluminate inosanganiswa kuita aluminium hydroxide, yogezwa, uye inonyungudutswa pa950~1200℃, aluminium oxide yapera inowanikwa. Mhinduro yacho mushure mekunaya kwealuminium hydroxide inonzi mother liquor, iyo inobviswa mvura yozosanganiswa uye yodzokororwa. Nekuda kwemagadzirirwo akasiyana ecrystalline ediaspore, diaspore nediaspore, kunyunguduka kwavo mu caustic soda solution kwakasiyana kwazvo, saka zvakakosha kupa mamiriro akasiyana ekunyunguduka, kunyanya tembiricha dzakasiyana dzekunyunguduka. Diaspore type bauxite inogona kunyungudutswa pa125~140C, uye diaspore type bauxite inogona kunyungudutswa pa240~260℃ uye kuwedzerwa lime (3~7%).
10, zviumbwa zvesimbi:
Caustic soda mukugadzira ceramic ine mapoinzi maviri: chekutanga, mukuita kwekupisa ceramics, caustic soda semusanganiswa. Chechipiri, pamusoro peceramic inopiswa pachakwenywa kana kuti pachaomarara, uye mushure mekuchenesa ne caustic soda solution, ceramic surface ichave yakapfava.
11, kubvisa utachiona:
denaturation yehutachiona hwemapuroteni. Izvi zvinonyanya kushandiswa kuchenesa nekuuraya utachiona mumabhodhoro muindasitiri yewaini.
12, pamusoro pemvura yakasviba:
sodium oxide yakasimba yekugadzirisa kukosha kweph, kurapwa kwetsvina, kuitira kuti zviwanikwa zvidzokororwe.
13, kugadzirira makemikari, zvinowedzerwa zvemaindasitiri:
Mapiritsi ealkali anonyanya kushandiswa muindasitiri yemishonga kugadzirisa mhinduro kana kugadzirisa pH yemhinduro dzemishonga.
14, electroplating, kunatswa kwetungsten.
Mapiritsi eAlkali ari musimbi se electroplating solution, anotamba basa remutyairi!
15, kugadzira sirika, kugadzira donje re rayon.
16. Indasitiri yeganda (Nhanganyaya yekushandiswa kaviri kwemapiritsi ealkali):
(1) Kuti ushandisezve mvura yetsvina yeganda, nyika woisa sodium sulfide mumvura inobuda mukuwedzera kwazvinoita.
Pakati pematanho maviri ekunyikisa upfu hwe lime, kushandiswa kwe 30% sodium hydroxide solution ine huremu hwe tare 0.3-0.5% kunowedzerwa kuti ganda riwedzere kuzara kuti rikwanise kuzadzisa zvinodiwa uye kuvandudza mhando yezvigadzirwa zvakapedzwa zvishoma.
(2) Semushonga wealkaline uye we neutralizer, wedzera huwandu hwemvura mu reactor, wobva wapisa kusvika 90 ° C kuburikidza neutsi, kurunga uchiisa polyvinyl alcohol, wozotonhodza kusvika 80 ° C mushure mekunge polyvinyl alcohol yanyungudika zvachose. Mushure mekukurunga, wedzera hydrochloric acid mu trickle, ramba uchikurunga kwemaminitsi 20 kusvika 30, uye wedzera huwandu hwemvura ye formaldehyde. Chengeta ichidziya pa78~80℃, rega iite reactive kwemaminitsi 40~50, wedzera 10% sodium hydroxide solution yakagadzirirwa kuti isanyanya kunyorovesa, itonhodze kusvika 60~70℃, wobva wawedzera formula urea yekurapa amino, uye sefa glue solution kuburikidza newarn net kuti ishandiswe zvakachengetwa.
17, polyester makemikari indasitiri:
inoshandiswa kugadzira formic acid, oxalic acid, borax, phenol, sodium cyanide nesipo, synthetic fatty acids, synthetic sipo, nezvimwewo.
18, kudhinda uye dhayi machira indasitiri:
inoshandiswa semushonga wekubvisa saizi yedonje, mushonga wekubikira, mushonga wemercerizing uye dhayi yekuderedza, Haichang dhayi yebhuruu solvent.
19, indasitiri yekunyungudutsa:
inoshandiswa kugadzira aruminiyamu hydroxide, aruminiyamu oxide uye mushonga wekugadzirisa pamusoro pesimbi.
20, indasitiri yezviridzwa,:
inoshandiswa se acid neutralizer, decolorizing agent, deodorizing agent.
21, indasitiri ye namira:
inoshandiswa se starch gelatinizer, neutralizer.
22, kugadzira phosphate, kugadzira manganate.
23. Kugadziriswazve kwerabha yekare.
24, inogona kushandiswa semushonga wecitrus, peach peeling uye decolorizing, deodorant.
25, mapiritsi ealkali anoshandiswawo mukugadzira mishonga yezvipembenene.