Kushandiswa kwePAC mukurapa kwemvura yemagetsi ekupisa

1. Kugadzirira mvura yekuzora usati waichenesa

Mvura dzemumvura dzechisikigo dzinowanzova nematope, ivhu, humus nezvimwe zvinhu zvakasungirirwa uye tsvina yecolloidal nemabhakitiriya, fungi, algae, mavhairasi nezvimwe tupukanana, dzine kugadzikana kwakati wandei mumvura, ndicho chikonzero chikuru chekusvibiswa kwemvura, ruvara uye kunhuhwirira. Zvinhu izvi zvakawandisa zve organic zvinopinda mu ion exchanger, zvinosvibisa resin, zvinoderedza kugona kwekutsinhana kwe resin, uye zvinotokanganisa kunaka kwetsvina ye desalting system. Kurapa coagulation, kujekesa kugara uye kurapa kusefa ndekubvisa tsvina idzi sechinangwa chikuru, kuitira kuti huwandu hwezvinhu zvakasungirirwa mumvura huderere kusvika pasi pe5mg/L, kureva kuti, kuwana mvura yakacheneswa. Izvi zvinonzi water pretreatment. Mushure me pretreatment, mvura inogona kushandiswa semvura ye boiler chete kana munyu wakanyungudutswa mumvura ukabviswa ne ion exchange uye magasi akanyungudutswa mumvura akabviswa nekupisa kana vacuum cleaner kana kufefetera. Kana tsvina idzi dzisina kubviswa kutanga, kurapwa kunotevera (desalting) hakugone kuitwa. Naizvozvo, coagulation treatment yemvura inobatanidza zvakakosha mukurapa mvura.

Maitiro ekugadzirisa tangi remagetsi ekupisa ndeekuti: mvura isina kucheneswa → kuonda → kunaya kwemvura nekujekesa → kusefa. Macoagulants anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukuita kwecoagulation ipolyaluminum chloride, polyferric sulfate, aruminiyamu sulfate, ferric trichloride, nezvimwewo. Zvinotevera zvinonyanya kutanga kushandiswa kwepolyaluminum chloride.

Polyaluminum chloride, inonzi PAC, yakavakirwa paaruminiyamu ash kana aruminiyamu minerals sezvinhu zvakabikwa, pakupisa kwakanyanya uye kumanikidzwa kwakati nealkali nearuminiyamu reaction yakagadzirwa polymer, zvinhu zvakabikwa uye maitiro ekugadzira akasiyana, zvirevo zvechigadzirwa hazvina kufanana. Fomura yemolecular yePAC [Al2(OH)nCI6-n]m, apo n inogona kuva chero nhamba iri pakati pe1 ne5, uye m ndiyo nhamba yakakwana yeboka 10. PAC inouya mumhando dzakasimba uye dzemvura.

2. Maitiro ekubatanidza

Pane migumisiro mikuru mitatu ye coagulants pa colloidal particles mumvura: electrical neutralization, adsorption bridging uye sweeping. Ndeipi yemigumisiro mitatu iyi ndiyo huru inoenderana nerudzi uye dosage ye coagulant, hunhu uye zviri mukati me colloidal particles mumvura, uye pH kukosha kwemvura. Maitiro e polyaluminum chloride akafanana nea aluminium sulfate, uye maitiro e aluminium sulfate mumvura anoreva maitiro eAl3+ kugadzira mhando dzakasiyana dze hydrolyzed.

Polyaluminum chloride inogona kuonekwa sezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvepakati mukati mekuita kwehydrolysis uye polymerization yealuminium chloride muAl(OH)3 pasi pemamwe mamiriro. Inowanikwa zvakananga mumvura muchimiro chemhando dzakasiyana dzepolymeric uye A1(OH)a(s), pasina maitiro ehydrolysis eAl3+.

3. Mashandisirwo uye zvinhu zvinopesvedzera

1. Tembiricha yemvura

Kupisa kwemvura kune simba rinooneka pakugadzirisa kuonda kwemvura. Kana tembiricha yemvura yakaderera, kuomesa kwemvura kunonyanya kuoma, kunyanya kana tembiricha yemvura yakaderera pane 5℃, mwero we hydrolysis unononoka, uye flocculant yakagadzirwa ine chimiro chisina kusimba, huwandu hwakawanda hwemvura uye zvidimbu zvidiki. Kana tembiricha yemvura yakaderera, kunyungudika kwezvikamu zve colloidal kunowedzerwa, nguva yekuomesa inoreba, uye mwero we sedimentation unononoka. Tsvagiridzo inoratidza kuti tembiricha yemvura ye25~30℃ ndiyo yakakodzera.

2. pH kukosha kwemvura

Maitiro ehydrolysis epolyaluminum chloride inzira yekuburitswa kweH+ nguva dzose. Saka, pasi pemamiriro akasiyana epH, pachava ne hydrolysis intermediates dzakasiyana, uye pH yakanakisa yekurapa polyaluminum chloride coagulation inowanzo kuve pakati pe6.5 ne7.5. Mhedzisiro yecoagulation yakakwira panguva ino.

3. Chipimo chemushonga unopwanya ropa

Kana huwandu hwe coagulant hwakawedzerwa husina kukwana, kusviba kwasara mumvura inobuda kunowedzera. Kana huwandu hwacho hwakanyanya, nekuti colloidal particles mumvura inosveta coagulant yakawandisa, hunhu hwekuchaja hwe colloidal particles hunochinja, zvichikonzera kuti kusviba kwasara mutsvina kuwedzere zvakare. Maitiro ekusviba haasi emakemikari ari nyore, saka chiyero chinodiwa hachigone kutsanangurwa zvichienderana nekuverenga, asi chinofanira kutsanangurwa zvichienderana nehunhu hwemvura chaiyo kuti chione chiyero chakakodzera; Kana hunhu hwemvura huchichinja zvichienderana nemwaka, chiyero chinofanira kugadziriswa zvinoenderana.

4. Nzira yekubata nayo

Mukurapa kwekuonda kana kumwe kurapwa kwekunaya kwemvura, kana paine huwandu hwakati hwevhu mumvura, mhedzisiro yekurapa kwekuonda inogona kuvandudzwa zvakanyanya. Inogona kupa nzvimbo yakakura pamusoro, kuburikidza nekunyungudutsa, catalysis uye crystallization core, inovandudza mhedzisiro yekurapa kwekuonda.

Kuyerera kwemvura inoyerera necoagulation inzira inoshandiswa zvakanyanya pakurapa mvura pari zvino. Indasitiri yepolyaluminum chloride inoshandiswa seflocculant yekurapa mvura, ine coagulant inoshanda zvakanaka, floc yakakura, dosage shoma, kushanda zvakanaka, kunaya kwemvura nekukurumidza, kushandiswa kwakasiyana-siyana nezvimwe zvakanakira, zvichienzaniswa neflocculant yechinyakare inogona kuderedzwa ne1/3 ~ 1/2, mutengo unogona kuchengetedzwa ne40%. Pamwe chete nekushanda kwe valveless filter uye activated carbon filter, turbidity yemvura isina kucheneswa inoderedzwa zvakanyanya, hunhu hwemvura inoyerera ye desalt system hunovandudzwa, uye kugona kwekutsinhana kwe desalt resin kunowedzerwawo, uye mutengo wekushanda unoderedzwa.