Kurapa kweasidhi-ine tsvina yemvura

Acid wastewater ndiyo mvura yetsvina ine pH value isingasviki 6. Zvinoenderana nemhando dzakasiyana uye concentrations yemaacids, acidic wastewater inogona kukamurwa kuita inorganic acid wastewater uye organic acid wastewater.Asidhi yakasimba mvura yetsvina uye isina kusimba asidhi mvura yetsvina;Monoacid wastewater uye polyacid wastewater;Low concentration acidic wastewater uye yakakwira acidic wastewater.Kazhinji acidic tsvina yemvura, kuwedzera kune imwe asidhi, kazhinji ine heavy metal ions nemunyu wayo nezvimwe zvinokuvadza.Acid tsvina yemvura inobva kwakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira mine drainage, hydrometallurgy, iron rolling, surface acid treatment yesimbi uye isiri-ferrous simbi, indasitiri yemakemikari, kugadzirwa kweasidhi, dhayi, electrolysis, electroplating, artificial fibers uye mamwe maindasitiri.Mvura yakajairika ine acidic tsvina is sulfuric acid wastewater, inoteverwa nehydrochloric acid uye nitric acid wastewater.Gore rega rega, China yave kuda kuburitsa angangoita miriyoni cubic metres emarara easidhi, kana mvura inoraswa iyi ikadonhedzwa yakananga isina kurapwa, inoparadza mapaipi, kukuvadza zvirimwa, kukuvadza hove, kukuvadza ngarava, uye kuparadza hutano kwezvakatipoteredza.Industrial acid yakaraswa mvura inofanirwa kucheneswa kuti isangane nezviyero zvekuburitsa nyika isati yaburitswa, asidhi tsvina inogona kudzokororwa uye kushandiswa zvakare.Kana uchirapa iyo acid acid, nzira dzinogona kusarudzwa dzinosanganisira kurapwa kwemunyu, nzira yevasungwa, nzira yemakemikari neutralization, nzira yekubvisa, ion exchange resin nzira, membrane yekuparadzanisa nzira, nezvimwe.

1. salt out recycling

Iyo inonzi salting kunze ndeye kushandisa yakawanda yakawanda yemvura ine munyu kuti iwedzere zvinenge zvese zvinokonzerwa nemarara mumarara acid.Nekudaro, nzira iyi inoburitsa hydrochloric acid uye inokanganisa kudzoreredza uye kushandiswa kwe sulfuric acid mumarara asidhi, saka nzira yekuisa munyu kunze kweiyo organic tsvina mumarara asidhi ine sodium bisulphate saturated solution yakadzidzwa.
Asidhi yemarara ine sulfuric acid uye zvakasiyana-siyana organic tsvina, izvo zvakanyanya zvishoma zvishoma zve6-chloro-3-nitrotoluene-4 sulfonic acid uye akasiyana isomers kunze kwe6-chloro-3-nitrotoluene-4-sulfonic acid inogadzirwa netoluene mu. nzira ye sulfnation, chlorination uye nitrification.Iyo salting kunze nzira ndeye kushandisa yakawanda yakawanda yemvura ine munyu yakanyura kuti iwedzere kunenge kusvibiswa kwese kwepasi mumarara asidhi.Iyo munyu-kunze yekudzokorodza nzira haingobvisi kusvibiswa kwakasiyana-siyana mumarara asidhi, asi zvakare kudzoreredza sulfuric acid kuisa mukugadzira kutenderera, kuchengetedza mutengo uye simba.

2. Kugocha nzira

Kugocha nzira inoshandiswa kune inovhuvhuta asidhi senge hydrochloric acid, iyo inoparadzaniswa nemhinduro nekugocha kuti iwane kupora.

3. Chemical neutralization nzira

Iyo yakakosha acid-base reaction yeH+(aq)+OH-(aq)=H2O zvakare hwaro hwakakosha hwekugadziriswa kweasidhi-ine tsvina yemvura.Nzira dzakajairika dzekurapa asidi-ine tsvina yemvura inosanganisira neutralization uye kudzokororwa, mutual neutralization yeasidhi-base mvura yetsvina, zvinodhaka neutralization, filtration neutralization, etc. Mumazuva ekutanga emamwe mabhizimisi esimbi nesimbi muChina, vazhinji vavo vaishandisa nzira ye acid-base neutralization yekurapa tsvina yehydrochloric acid uye sulfuric acid pickling, kuitira kuti pH yakakosha isvike pakubuda.Sodium carbonate (soda ash), sodium hydroxide, limestone kana lime semafuta e-acid-base neutralization, kushandiswa kwese kwakachipa, nyore kugadzira lime.

4. Nzira yekubvisa

Liquid-Liquid extraction, inozivikanwawo sekuti solvent extraction, iyuniti inoshanda inoshandisa musiyano mukunyungudika kwezvikamu zviri mumvura yakasvibira mune yakanyungudutsa yakakodzera kuwana kupatsanurwa.Mukurapa kweasidhi-ine tsvina yemvura, zvinodikanwa kuita kuti asidi-ine tsvina yemvura uye iyo organic solvent inobata zvizere, kuitira kuti tsvina mumarara asidhi iendeswe kune yakanyungudutsa.Zvinodiwa zvinobviswa ndezvi: (1) yeasidhi yakasvibiswa inert, haiiti makemikari inopindirana nemarara, uye haina kunyunguduka mumarara asidhi;(2) Izvo zvisina kuchena mumarara easidhi ane chikamu chakakwirira chekuparadzanisa coefficient mu extractant uye sulfuric acid;(3) Mutengo wacho wakachipa uye uri nyore kuwana;(4) Zviri nyore kuparadzanisa kubva kutsvina, kurasikirwa kudiki kana uchibvisa.Zvinowanzoshandiswa zvinosanganisira benzene (toluene, nitrobenzene, chlorobenzene), phenols (creosote crude diphenol), halogenated hydrocarbons (trichloroethane, dichloroethane), isopropyl ether neN-503.

5. ion exchange resin nzira

Nheyo yekutanga yekurapa organic acid tsvina yemvura neion exchange resin ndeyekuti mamwe maion ekuchinjanisa resin anogona kutora organic acids kubva mumarara asidhi mhinduro uye kusabvisa inorganic acids nesimbi munyu kuti awane kupatsanurwa kweasidhi dzakasiyana nemunyu.

6. membrane yekuparadzanisa nzira

Kune acidic tsvina yemvura, nzira dzekurapa membrane dzakadai se dialysis uye electrodialysis dzinogona kushandiswa zvakare.Membrane kudzoreredzwa kwemarara asidhi inonyanya kutora musimboti we dialysis, inotungamirwa nemusiyano wekutarisa.Chishandiso chese chinoumbwa nediffusion dialysis membrane, ndiro yekuparadzira mvura, ndiro inosimbisa, mvura inoyerera ndiro furemu, nezvimwewo, uye inowana kupatsanurwa nekuparadzanisa zvinhu mumarara emvura.

7. kutonhora crystallization nzira

Kutonhodza crystallization nzira inzira yekudzikisa tembiricha yemushonga uye kukonzeresa solute.Inoshandiswa mumarara asidhi yekurapa maitiro kuti tsvina mumarara asidhi inotonhodzwa kuti idzore iyo asidhi mhinduro inosangana nezvinodiwa uye inogona kushandiswa zvakare.Semuenzaniso, tsvina ye sulfuric acid inobudiswa kubva ku-acyl-washing process ye-rolling mill ine yakawanda yakawanda yeferrous sulfate, iyo inobatwa nekugadzirisa kwe-concentration-crystallization uye filtration.Mushure mekubviswa kweferrous sulfate nekusefa, asidhi inogona kudzoserwa kune simbi yekunhonga maitiro kuti irambe ichishandiswa.
Kutonhodza crystallization kune akawanda maindasitiri maapplication, ayo anoratidzwa pano neiyo pickling process mukugadzira simbi.Mukuita kwesimbi uye mechanical processing, sulfuric acid solution inowanzoshandiswa kubvisa ngura pamusoro pesimbi.Naizvozvo, kudzokororwa kwemarara asidhi kunogona kuderedza zvakanyanya mutengo uye kuchengetedza nharaunda.Kutonhodza crystallization kunoshandiswa muindasitiri kuita izvi.

8. Oxidation nzira

Iyi nzira yakashandiswa kwenguva yakareba, uye musimboti ndeyekuora organic tsvina mumarara sulfuric acid neoxidizing agents pasi pemamiriro akakodzera, kuitira kuti ishandurwe kuita carbon dioxide, mvura, nitrogen oxides, nezvimwewo, uye yakaparadzaniswa kubva kune sulfuric acid, kuitira kuti tsvina sulfuric acid inogona kunatswa uye kudzorerwa.Zvinowanzoshandiswa oxidants hydrogen peroxide, nitric acid, perchloric asidhi, hypochlorous asidhi, nitrate, ozone uye zvichingodaro.Imwe neimwe oxidizer ine zvayakanakira uye zvinogumira.