Acdic yakasviba iyo ine marara ine marara pasi pe6. Maererano nemhando dzakasiyana uye dzakasarudzika dzeAcids, acidic Yakasimba acid yemvura uye isina simba acid yemvura; Monoacid marara uye polyacid isina mvura; Yakadzika midziyo acidic yakasviba marara uye yakanyanya kusungwa acidic marara. Kazhinji acidic yakasviba marara, mukuwedzera kune imwe acid, kazhinji ine zvizhinji zvine masimbi ioni uye hondo yavo uye zvimwe zvinokuvadza. Acdic marara kubva pane dzakasiyana siyana dzezvinyorwa, kusanganisira mine mindira, hydromical rollurgy, maindasitiri emakemikari, madhiri, electrollis Iyo yakajairika acidic yakasviba is sulfutic acid marara, ichiteverwa ne hydrochloric acid uye nitric acid marara. Gore roga roga, China yave kuda kuzadza mamirioni emamirioni emamita emarara emarara echikepe Maindasitiri acid yemvura anofanirwa kurapwa kuti asangane national discharge zviyero pamberi pechidhirowa, asidhi marara anogona kugadzirwazve uye kushandiswazve. Kana vachirapa marara acid, nzira dzinogona kusarudzwa zvinosanganisira kurapwa kwemunyu, nzira yemakemikari, iyo nzira yekutsinzana, Eion exchange resin nzira, etc.
1. Munyu unodzokororwa
Iyo inonzi inonzi seyting ndeye kushandisa huwandu hukuru hwemvura yakawandisa yemunyu kuti isvike anenge ese organic kusvibiswa mumarara acid. Nekudaro, nzira iyi ichaburitsa hydrochloric acid uye inokanganisa kupora uye kushandiswa kweSulfutic acid mumarara mutserendende neSodium Bisulphate Solution yakadzidzwa.
Iyo marara acid ine sulfutic acid uye yakasarudzika organic kusviba, iyo inonyanya kuwanda ye6-chloro-3-nitrotic acid yakagadzirwa ne tlueene mune yekukasira, chlorination uye notlation uye nitration. Iyo nzira yekununura ndeye kushandisa huwandu hukuru hwemvura yakakwana yemunyu kuti isvike anenge ese organic kusvibiswa musango acid. Iyo Munyu yekudzokorora nzira isingabvumiri chete isingabvumi zvakasarudzika zvisingagonekwe mumarara musango, asi zvakare zvakare sulfutic acid yekuisa muCycle kugadzirwa, kuchengetedza mutengo uye simba.
2. Nzira inokudzwa
Nzira yekukudzika inoiswa kune iyo yakajeka acid yakadai se hydrochloric acid, iyo yakaparadzaniswa nemhinduro nekubaya kuti uwane kudzora maitiro.
3. Nzira yemakemikari yerarorization
Iyo yekutanga acid-base yekuita yeH + (AQ) + oh- (AQ) = H2O ndiyo nheyo yakakosha pakurapa kweiyo acid-ine marara. Nzira dzakajairika dzekurapa acid-rine marara zvine mashandisirwo emvura uye nekumisikidza kwesimbi yakasvika iyo discharge standard. Sodium kabhoni
4. Nzira yekubvisa
Liquid-mvura yekubvisa, inozivikanwa seSolvent kubviswa, iri basa rekushandisa rinoshandisa mutsauko mukugadzirisa kwezvinhu zvakabikwa mumifananidzo yakavezwa kuti uwane kupatsanurana. Mukurapa kweAcid-ine marara marara, zvinodikanwa kuti uite iyo acid Izvo zvinodhura zvinodiwa ndezvekuti: (1) yeiyo marara acid is inert, haingaiti nemakemikari nendege neakareba acid, uye haina kunyungudika musango. . (3) mutengo wakachipa uye nyore kuwana; (4) zviri nyore kupatsanura kubva pakusachena, kurasikirwa kudiki kana uchibvarura. Vanowanza vanowedzera vanosanganisira Benzene (Tolomboene, nitrobenzene), phenols (creosot (halogented hydrocarbons (trichloroethane, dichloroethane), isopropyl ether uye n-503.
5. Ion exchange resin nzira
Nheyo yekutanga yekurapa acid acid marara neIon exchange resin ndeyekutsinhana kwema acids uye simbi kuti uwane kupatsanurwa kweacids akasiyana uye munyu.
6. Membrane kupatsanurwa nzira
Kune acidic kutambisa mvura, nzira dzekurapa dzakadai sedzidziso uye magetsi anogona kushandiswawo. Mbrane Kudzoreredzwa kwemarara acid inonyanya kutora iyo nheyo ye dialysis, iyo inotungamirwa nemusanganiswa wekusiyana. Chishandiso chose chinoumbwa neyakagadziriswa dialysis membrane, chinomuka ndiro, chinosimbisa ndiro, mvura inoyerera chivharo, etc., uye inowana kuparadzanisa maitiro nekuparadzanisa zvinhu mumatare emvura
7. Kutonhora Crystallation nzira
Kutonhorera kiroti nzira inzira yekudzikisa tembiricha yemhinduro uye inodaidzira iyo solute. Iyo inoshandiswa mumarara acid kurapwa kwekurapa kuti kusvibiswa kuri mumarara acid kunotonhorera kunze kuti udzorerwe mhinduro yewidhi iyo inosangana nezvinodiwa uye zvinogona kushandiswazve. Semuenzaniso, iyo marara sulfuric acid disid yakabviswa pamifananidzo inofamba ine huwandu hukuru hwembereko muhombe, iyo inobatwa nemaitiro ekurongedza-crystallation uye filtration. Mushure mekubviswa kwesolus sulfate neFakration, iyo acid inogona kudzoserwa kune iyo simbi yekutora maitiro ekuenderera mberi kushandiswa.
Kutonhora kuchemallization ine akawanda maindasitiri ekushandisa, ayo anoratidza pano neyekutora maitiro mukugadzirisa kwesimbi. Mukuita kwesimbi uye mechancal kugadzirisa, sulfutic acid mhinduro inowanzo shandiswa kubvisa ngura pane simbi. Naizvozvo, kudzokororwa kwemarara acid kunogona kuderedza mari uye kuchengetedza nharaunda. Kutonhorera kuchemallization inoshandiswa mune indasitiri kuzadzisa izvi maitiro.
8. Oxidation nzira
Iyi nzira yave ichishandiswa kwenguva yakareba, uye nheyo yacho ndeyekuita zvisikwa zvegwenga musvomhu, kuti ishandurwe mumamiriro ezvinhu, etc., kuti sulturic acid, saka iyo sulfuric acid inogona kunatswa uye kupora. Inowanzo shandiswa oxidnts is hydrogen peroxide, nitric acid, perchloric acid, hypowrous acid, nitrate, ozone uye zvichingodaro. Oliytizer yega yega ine zvakanakira uye zvisingakwanisi.
Kutumira Nguva: Kubvumbi-10-2020
