Calcium chloride munyu wakaumbwa ne chloride ions uye calcium ions.Anhydrous calcium chloride ine simba rakasimba rekunyorova, rinoshandiswa se desiccant yezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana, kuwedzera kune guruva remugwagwa, ivhu rinovandudza, refrigerant, mvura yekuchenesa agent, paste agent.Icho chinoshandiswa zvakanyanya chemakemikari reagent, mishonga yemiti yakasvibirira, zvokudya zvinowedzera, zvokudya zvinowedzera uye zvigadzirwa zvekugadzira simbi calcium.
Physical properties ye calcium chloride
Calcium chloride isina ruvara cubic crystal, chena kana isina-chena, granular, huchi block, spheroid, irregular granular, hupfu.Melting point 782°C, density 1.086 g/mL pa20 °C, painofashaira 1600°C, kunyungudika kwemvura 740 g/L.Muchetura zvishoma, usinganhuhwi, unovava zvishoma.Yakanyanya hygroscopic uye nyore kunyungudika kana yaiswa pamhepo.
Zviri nyore kunyungudutswa mumvura, nepo ichiburitsa huwandu hwakawanda hwekupisa (calcium chloride dissolution enthalpy ye -176.2cal/g), mhinduro yayo ine aqueous ine acidic zvishoma.Soluble mudoro, acetone, acetic acid.Kuita neammonia kana ethanol, CaCl2 · 8NH3 uye CaCl2 · 4C2H5OH complexes yakagadzirwa, maererano.Pakupisa kwakadzika, mhinduro yacho inopenya uye inonaya sehexahydrate, iyo inonyungudika zvishoma nezvishoma mumvura yayo ine crystalline painopisa kusvika ku30 ° C, uye zvishoma nezvishoma inorasikirwa nemvura kana ichipisa kusvika ku200 ° C, uye inova dihydrate kana inopisa kusvika 260 ° C. , iyo inova chena porous anhydrous calcium chloride.
Anhydrous calcium chloride
1, yemuviri uye yemakemikari zvimiro: isina ruvara cubic crystal, chena kana isina-chena-chena porous block kana granular yakasimba.Density yehukama ndeye 2.15, nzvimbo yekunyunguduka i782 ℃, nzvimbo yekubikira iri pamusoro pe1600 ℃, iyo hygrhygability yakasimba kwazvo, iri nyore kuita delix, iri nyore kunyungudika mumvura, uku ichiburitsa kupisa kwakawanda, kunhuhwirira, kuravira zvishoma, iyo aqueous solution ine acidic zvishoma, soluble mudoro, acrylic vhiniga, acetic acid.
2, kushandiswa kwechigadzirwa: Iyo inonamira mumiriri wekugadzirwa kwemavara dziva pigments.Kugadzirwa kwenitrogen, acetylene gasi, hydrogen chloride, okisijeni uye imwe gasi desiccant.Doro, ethers, esters uye acrylic resins inoshandiswa se dehydrating agents, uye mhinduro dzavo dzemvura dzakakosha mafiriji efiriji uye firiji.Inogona kukurumidzira kuoma kwekongiri, kuwedzera kutonhora kwesamende dhaka, uye yakanakisa antifreeze agent.Inoshandiswa sechinhu chinodzivirira chealuminium magnesium metallurgy, yekunatsa mumiririri.
Bvisa calcium chloride
1, yemuviri uye yemakemikari zvivakwa: isina ruvara kristaro, ichi chigadzirwa chakachena, kunze-chena kristaro.Inovava kuravira, deliquescent yakasimba.
Kuwanda kwayo kuri 0.835, kunyungudika zviri nyore mumvura, mhinduro yayo ine aqueous haina kwayakarerekera kana zvishoma alkaline, inoora, inonyungudika mudoro uye isinganyungudike muether, uye inopera mvura kuita anhydrous matter kana yapiswa kusvika 260 ℃.Mamwe makemikari maitiro akafanana neanhydrous calcium chloride.
2, basa uye kushandiswa: flake calcium chloride inoshandiswa sefiriji;Antifreeze agent;Aizi yakanyungudutswa kana chando;Zvidzitiro zvemoto zvekupedzisa uye kupedza micheka yekotoni;Wood preservatives;Kugadzirwa kwerabha sechinhu chinopeta;Mixed starch inoshandiswa segluing agent.
Calcium chloride aqueous solution
Calcium chloride solution ine hunhu hwe conductivity, yakaderera kutonhora kupfuura mvura, kupisa kupisa kana kusanganidzana nemvura, uye ine nani adsorption basa, uye yakaderera kutonhora kwayo inogona kushandiswa munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzekugadzira maindasitiri nenzvimbo dzeveruzhinji.
Basa re calcium chloride solution:
1. Alkaline: Calcium ion hydrolysis is alkaline, uye hydrogen chloride inoputika mushure me chloride ion hydrolysis.
2, conduction: pane maion mumushonga unogona kufamba zvakasununguka.
3, nzvimbo yechando: calcium chloride solution yakaderera pane mvura.
4, poindi yekubikira: calcium chloride aqueous solution kubikira nzvimbo yakakwirira kudarika mvura.
5, evaporation crystallization: calcium chloride aqueous solution evaporation crystallization kuva mumhepo izere nehydrogen chloride.
Desiccant
Calcium chloride inogona kushandiswa se desiccant kana dehydrating agent kune magasi uye organic zvinwiwa.Zvisinei, haigoni kushandiswa kuomesa ethanol uye ammonia, nokuti ethanol uye ammonia inobata ne calcium chloride kuumba doro complex CaCl2 · 4C2H5OH uye ammonia complex CaCl2 · 8NH3, maererano.Anhydrous calcium chloride inogonawo kugadzirwa kuita zvigadzirwa zvemumba zvinoshandiswa semhepo hygroscopic agent, anhydrous calcium chloride semushonga wekunyudza mvura yakabvumidzwa neFDA yekupfekedza rubatsiro rwekutanga, basa rayo ndere kuona kuoma kweronda.
Nekuti calcium chloride haina kwayakarerekera, inogona kuomesa acidic kana alkaline magasi uye organic zvinwiwa, asiwo murabhoritari kugadzira mashoma egasi akadai senitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, hydrogen chloride, sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, nezvimwewo. ., pakuomesa magasi aya anogadzirwa.Granular anhydrous calcium chloride inowanzoshandiswa se desiccant kuzadza pombi dzekuomesa, uye giant algae (kana seaweed ash) yakaomeswa necalcium chloride inogona kushandiswa kugadzira soda ash.Mamwe ma dehumidifiers emumba anoshandisa calcium chloride kutora unyoro kubva mumhepo.
Iyo anhydrous calcium chloride inopararira munzira ine jecha, uye iyo hygroscopic pfuma yeanhydrous calcium chloride inoshandiswa kugadzirisa hunyoro huri mumhepo kana hunyoro hwemhepo hwakaderera pane dova kuti mugwagwa ugare wakanyorova, kuitira kuti udzore. huruva mumugwagwa.
Deicing agent uye yekutonhora yekugezera
Calcium chloride inogona kuderedza nzvimbo inotonhora yemvura, uye kuiparadzira mumigwagwa kunogona kudzivirira kutonhora nekunyunguduka kwechando, asi mvura ine munyu inobva muchando ichinyunguduka nechando inogona kukuvadza ivhu nezvinomera mumugwagwa uye kukanganisa kongiri yemugwagwa.Calcium chloride solution inogonawo kusanganiswa nechando chakaoma kugadzirira cryogenic cooling bath.Tsvina yakaoma ice inowedzerwa kune brine solution mumabhechi kusvika ice ichioneka muhurongwa.Kudziya kwakadzikama kwekugezera kunotonhora kunogona kuchengetedzwa nemhando dzakasiyana uye kusungirirwa kwemunyu.Calcium chloride inowanzo shandiswa semunyu mbishi, uye tembiricha inodiwa yakatsiga inowanikwa nekugadzirisa kusungirirwa, kwete chete nekuti calcium chloride yakachipa uye iri nyore kuwana, asiwo nekuti eutectic tembiricha yecalcium chloride solution (kureva, tembiricha apo mhinduro yacho yose yakanyungudutswa kuita granular ice munyu zvimedu) yakadzikira, inogona kusvika -51.0 ° C, kuitira kuti inogadziriswa tembiricha siyana kubva 0 ° C kusvika -51 ° C. Iyi nzira inogona kuitika muDewar mabhodhoro ane insulation mhedzisiro, uye anogona zvakare kushandiswa mune zvakajairika midziyo yepurasitiki kubata yekudziya yekugezera kana huwandu hwemabhodhoro eDewar hushoma uye mamwe magadzirirwo emunyu anofanirwa kugadzirirwa, mune izvo tembiricha zvakare yakagadzikana.
Sechitubu che calcium ions
Kuwedzera karusiyamu chloride kuti swimming pool mvura kunogona kuita dziva mvura pH buffer uye kuwedzera kuoma kwedziva mvura, izvo zvinogona kuderedza kukukurwa kwekongiri rusvingo.Zvinoenderana neiyo Le Chatelier's musimboti uye iyo isoionic mhedzisiro, kuwedzera kuwanda kwe calcium ions mumvura yedhamu kunonotsa kunyungudika kwekarusiyamu makomisheni ayo akakosha kune kongiri zvimiro.
Kuwedzera calcium chloride kumvura yeMarine aquariums kunowedzera huwandu hwe bioavailable calcium mumvura, uye mollusks nemhuka dzecoelintestinal dzakasimudzwa mumvura dzemvura dzinoshandisa iyo kugadzira calcium carbonate shells.Kunyangwe calcium hydroxide kana calcium reactor inogona kuita chinangwa chimwe chete, kuwedzera calcium chloride ndiyo inokurumidza nzira uye ine zvishoma mhedzisiro pa pH yemvura.
Calcium chloride kune mamwe mashandisirwo
Iko kunyungudika uye exothermic chimiro checalcium chloride inoita kuti ishandiswe mumagaba ekuzvipisa uye mapadhi ekudziya.
Calcium chloride inogona kubatsira kukurumidzira kuiswa kwekutanga mukongiri, asi chloride ions inogona kukonzera kuonda kwemasimbi, saka calcium chloride haigone kushandiswa mukongiri yakasimbiswa.Anhydrous calcium chloride inogona kupa humwe hunyoro hwekongiri nekuda kweiyo hygroscopic zvimiro.
Muindasitiri yepetroleum, calcium chloride inoshandiswa kuwedzera kuwanda kweiyo yakasimba-isina brine, uye inogona zvakare kuwedzerwa kune aqueous chikamu che emulsified yekuchera zvinwiwa kumisa kuwedzera kwevhu.Inoshandiswa senzira yekudzikisa kunyungudika mukati mekugadzira sodium simbi ne electrolytic kunyunguduka kwesodium chloride neDavy process.Kana makeramiki achigadzirwa, calcium chloride inoshandiswa seimwe yezvikamu zvezvinhu, izvo zvinobvumira zvidimbu zvevhu kuti zvimire mumugadziro, kuitira kuti zvimedu zvevhu zvive nyore kushandisa kana grouting.
Calcium chloride zvakare inowedzera mumapurasitiki uye zvekudzimisa moto, serubatsiro rwesefa mukuchenesa mvura yetsvina, sechinhu chinowedzera mumavira anoputika kudzora kuunganidzwa uye kunamatira kwezvinhu zvakabikwa kuti zvidzivise kugadziriswa kwechaji, uye senge diluent mumachira ekunyorovesa. .
Nguva yekutumira: Mar-19-2024
