1. Chii chinonzi ammonia nitrogen?
Ammonia nitrogen inoreva ammonia muchimiro chemahara ammonia (kana isiri-ionic ammonia, NH3) kana ionic ammonia (NH4+).Yakakwira pH uye yakakwira chikamu chemahara ammonia;Pane zvinopesana, chikamu cheammonium munyu chakakwirira.
Ammonia nitrogen chikafu chiri mumvura, chinogona kutungamira kune eutrophication yemvura, uye ndiyo huru inopedza mweya weokisijeni mumvura, ine chepfu kuhove uye zvimwe zvipenyu zvemumvura.
Mhedzisiro huru inokuvadza yeammonia nitrogen pane zvipenyu zvemumvura ndeyemahara ammonia, iyo huturu hwayo hwakakura kakawanda kupfuura iyo yeammonium munyu, uye inowedzera nekuwedzera kwealkalinity.Ammonia nitrogen toxicity yakanyatsoenderana nepH kukosha uye tembiricha yemvura yemvura yedziva, kazhinji, iyo yakakwirira pH kukosha uye tembiricha yemvura, kusimba kwehupfu.
Nzira mbiri dzekunzwa colorimetric nzira dzinowanzoshandiswa kuona ammonia imhando yeNessler reagent nzira uye phenol-hypochlorite nzira.Titration uye nzira dzemagetsi dzinowanzo shandiswa kuona ammonia;Kana iyo ammonia nitrogen yemukati yakakwira, iyo distillation titration nzira inogona kushandiswa zvakare.(Miyero yenyika inosanganisira nzira yeNath reagent, salicylic acid spectrophotometry, distillation - titration nzira)
2.Physical uye makemikari nitrogen kubvisa muitiro
① Nzira yekunaya kwemakemikari
Chemical precipitation method, inozivikanwawo seMAP precipitation method, ndeyekuwedzera magnesium nephosphoric acid kana hydrogen phosphate kumvura yetsvina ine ammonia nitrogen, kuitira kuti NH4+ iri mumvura yetsvina igadzikane neMg+ uye PO4- mune aqueous solution kugadzira ammonium magnesium phosphate precipitation. , iyo molecular formula ndeyeMgNH4P04.6H20, kuitira kuti uwane chinangwa chekubvisa ammonia nitrogen.Magnesium ammonium phosphate, inowanzozivikanwa se struvite, inogona kushandiswa secompost, yekuwedzera ivhu kana inodzoreredza moto pakuvaka zvigadzirwa zvemaumbirwo.Iyo reaction equation ndeiyi inotevera:
Mg++ NH4 + + PO4 – = MgNH4P04
Zvinhu zvikuru zvinokanganisa maitiro ekurapa kwekunaya kwemakemikari pH kukosha, tembiricha, ammonia nitrogen concentration uye molar ratio (n(Mg+): n(NH4+): n(P04-)).Mhedzisiro yacho inoratidza kuti kana pH kukosha iri gumi uye molar ratio ye magnesium, nitrogen uye phosphorus iri 1.2: 1: 1.2, mhedzisiro yekurapa iri nani.
Kushandisa magnesium chloride uye disodium hydrogen phosphate semvura inonaya, mhedzisiro inoratidza kuti kurapwa kuri nani kana pH kukosha iri 9.5 uye molar ratio ye magnesium, nitrogen uye phosphorus iri 1.2: 1: 1.
Mhedzisiro yacho inoratidza kuti MgC12+Na3PO4.12H20 inopfuura mamwe masanganiswa eajenti anonaya.Kana iyo pH kukosha iri 10.0, tembiricha iri 30℃, n(Mg+) : n(NH4+) : n(P04-)= 1:1:1, kuwanda kweammonia nitrogen mumvura yetsvina mushure mekubvongodza kwe30min kunoderedzwa. kubva ku222mg / L isati yarapwa kusvika ku17mg / L, uye chiyero chekubvisa chiri 92.3%.
Iyo kemikari yekunaya kwemakemikari nzira uye nzira yemvura membrane yakasanganiswa pakurapa kwepamusoro-soro maindasitiri ammonia nitrogen tsvina yemvura.Pasi pemamiriro ekugadzirisa kwekunaya kwemvura, mwero wekubvisa ammonia nitrogen wakasvika 98.1%, uyezve kurapwa nenzira yemvura yemufirimu kwakaderedza iyo ammonia nitrogen concentration kusvika 0.005g/L, ichisvika kurudzi rwekutanga-class emission standard.
Kubviswa kweiyo divalent metal ions (Ni +, Mn +, Zn +, Cu +, Fe +) kunze kweMg + pane ammonia nitrogen pasi pechiito chephosphate yakaongororwa.Nzira itsva yeCaSO4 kunaya-MAP kunaya kwakarongwa kune ammonium sulfate wastewater.Mhedzisiro yacho inoratidza kuti yechinyakare NaOH regulator inogona kutsiviwa neraimu.
Kubatsira kwemakemikari emvura nzira ndeyokuti kana kusanganiswa kweammonia nitrogen mvura yetsvina yakakwira, kushandiswa kwedzimwe nzira kunogumira, senge biological nzira, break point chlorination method, membrane separation method, ion exchange method, etc. Panguva ino, Chemical precipitation method inogona kushandiswa pre-kurapa.Kubvisa kwekuita kwemakemikari precipitation nzira iri nani, uye haina kuganhurirwa nekushisa, uye kushanda kuri nyore.Mvura inonaya ine magnesium ammonium phosphate inogona kushandiswa semusanganiswa fetireza kuona kushandiswa kwemarara, nokudaro kubvisa chikamu chemutengo;Kana ichigona kusanganiswa nemamwe mabhizinesi emaindasitiri anogadzira phosphate mvura yetsvina uye mabhizinesi anogadzira munyu brine, inogona kuchengetedza mutengo wemishonga uye kufambisa yakakura-chiyero kushandiswa.
Izvo zvakashata zvemakemikari emvura nzira ndeyokuti nekuda kwekurambidzwa kwekunyunguduka kwechigadzirwa cheammonium magnesium phosphate, mushure mekunge ammonia nitrogen mumvura yetsvina yasvika kune imwe pfungwa, mhedzisiro yekubvisa haisi pachena uye mari yekupinza inowedzera zvakanyanya.Naizvozvo, nzira yekunaya kwemakemikari inofanira kushandiswa pamwe chete nedzimwe nzira dzakakodzera kurapwa kwepamusoro.Huwandu hwe reagent inoshandiswa yakakura, sludge inogadzirwa yakakura, uye mutengo wekurapa wakakwira.Iko kuunzwa kwe chloride ions uye yakasara phosphorus panguva yekutorwa kwemakemikari inogona kukonzera kusvibiswa kwechipiri nyore nyore.
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②kudzima nzira
Kubviswa kweammonia nitrogen nekufuridza nzira ndeyekugadzirisa pH kukosha kune alkaline, kuitira kuti ammonia ion iri mumvura yetsvina ishandurwe kuita ammonia, kuitira kuti inonyanya kuvepo muchimiro chemahara ammonia, uye ipapo iyo yemahara ammonia inotorwa kunze. yemvura yetsvina kuburikidza nemutakuri gasi, kuitira kuti uwane chinangwa chekubvisa ammonia nitrogen.Zvinhu zvikuru zvinokanganisa kuvhuvhuta zvakanaka ipH kukosha, tembiricha, gasi-mvura muyero, gasi kuyerera mwero, yekutanga kuisa uye zvichingodaro.Parizvino, nzira yekuputika inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukurapa kwemvura yakasvibiswa nepamusoro yeammonia nitrogen.
Kubviswa kweammonia nitrogen kubva mumarara emarara nenzira yekuputira kwakadzidzwa.Zvakaonekwa kuti zvinhu zvakakosha zvinodzora kugona kwekuputika-kubvisa kwaive tembiricha, gasi-mvura chiyero uye pH kukosha.Kana tembiricha yemvura yakura kudarika 2590, gasi-mvura yereshiyo inenge 3500, uye pH inenge 10.5, chiyero chekubvisa chinogona kusvika kudarika 90% yeleachate yekurasira ine ammonia nitrogen concentration inosvika 2000-4000mg/ L.Mhedzisiro yacho inoratidza kuti kana pH = 11.5, tembiricha yekubvisa iri 80cC uye nguva yekubvisa iri 120min, kubviswa kweammonia nitrogen mumvura yetsvina kunogona kusvika 99.2%.
Kufuridza-kubvisa kushanda kweyakanyanya kunyungudika ammonia nitrogen tsvina yakaitwa neanopesana neinofuridza-kure shongwe.Mhedzisiro yacho yakaratidza kuti kufuridza-kubvisa kushanda kwakawedzera nekuwedzera kwepH kukosha.Iyo yakakura iyo gasi-chimvura muyero ndeye, iyo yakakura simba rekufambisa reammonia rinobvisa hukuru hwekutamisa, uye nekubvisa hunyanzvi kunowedzerawo.
Kubviswa kweammonia nitrogen nekufuridza nzira inoshanda, iri nyore kushanda uye iri nyore kudzora.Iyo inopeperetswa yeammonia nitrogen inogona kushandiswa seanomwisa ane sulfuric acid, uye iyo inogadzirwa sulfuric acid mari inogona kushandiswa sefetiraiza.Blow-off method ndiyo inowanzoshandiswa tekinoroji yekubvisa nitrogen yemuviri nekemikari parizvino.Zvisinei, nzira yekuputira ine zvimwe zvisingabatsiri, zvakadai sekugara uchiwedzera mumhepo inoputika, kuderedza ammonia nitrogen kubvisa kunyatsoshanda pakudzika kwekushisa, uye kusvibiswa kwechipiri kunokonzerwa nemhepo inoputika.Nzira yekuvhuvhuta inowanzosanganiswa nedzimwe nzira dzekuchenesa mvura yeammonia nitrogen prepreat high-concentration ammonia nitrogen wastewater.
③Break point chlorination
Iyo nzira yekubvisa ammonia nebreak point chlorination ndeyekuti gasi rechlorine rinosangana neammonia kuburitsa risingakuvadze nitrogen gasi, uye N2 inopukunyuka ichipinda mumhepo, ichiita kuti mhinduro ienderere kurudyi.Iyo reaction formula ndeye:
HOCl NH4 + + 1.5 – > 0.5 N2 H20 H++ Cl – 1.5 + 2.5 + 1.5)
Apo chlorine gasi inotamirwa mumvura yakasvibiswa kune imwe nzvimbo, zvinyorwa zvekusununguka kweklorini mumvura zvakaderera, uye kusangana kweammonia i zero.Kana huwandu hwe chlorine gasi ichipfuura poindi, huwandu hwemahara chlorine mumvura huchawedzera, saka, iyo pfungwa inonzi break point, uye chlorination munharaunda iyi inonzi break point chlorination.
Iyo break point chlorination nzira inoshandiswa kurapa tsvina yekuchera mushure meammonia nitrogen kuvhuvhuta, uye maitiro ekurapa anokanganiswa zvakananga ne pretreatment ammonia nitrogen kuvhuvhuta maitiro.Kana 70% yeammonia nitrogen iri mumvura yetsvina yabviswa nekufuridza yobva yarapwa nebreak point chlorination, kuwanda kweammonia nitrogen mutsvina inodarika 15mg/L.Zhang Shengli et al.yakatora yakafananidzirwa ammonia nitrogen wastewater ine mass concentration ye100mg/L sechinhu chekutsvagisa, uye mhedzisiro yetsvakiridzo yakaratidza kuti chikuru uye chechipiri zvinhu zvinokanganisa kubviswa kweammonia nitrogen neoxidation yesodium hypochlorite yaive chiyero chehuwandu hweklorini kune ammonia nitrogen, nguva yekuita, uye pH kukosha.
Iyo break point chlorination nzira ine yakakwira nitrogen yekubvisa kunyatsoita, chiyero chekubvisa chinogona kusvika 100%, uye iyo ammonia yekumisikidza mumvura yetsvina inogona kudzikiswa kusvika zero.Mhedzisiro yacho yakagadzikana uye haina kukanganiswa nekushisa;Zvishoma zvekushandisa mari, nekukurumidza uye zvakakwana mhinduro;Iyo ine mhedzisiro ye sterilization uye disinfection pamvura yemvura.Chiyero chekushandiswa kweiyo break point chlorination method ndeyekuti kuwanda kweammonia nitrogen tsvina yemvura iri pasi pe40mg/L, saka nzira yebreak point chlorination inonyanya kushandiswa pakurapa kwepamusoro kweammonia nitrogen tsvina yemvura.Chinodiwa chekushandisa zvakachengeteka uye chekuchengetedza chakakwira, mutengo wekurapa wakakwira, uye ne-zvigadzirwa chloramines uye chlorinated organics zvinokonzeresa kusvibiswa kwechipiri.
④catalytic oxidation nzira
Catalytic oxidation nzira iri kuburikidza nekuita kwecatalyst, pasi peimwe tembiricha uye kumanikidzwa, kuburikidza nemhepo oxidation, organic zvinhu uye ammonia mutsvina inogona kuve oxidized uye yakaodzwa kuita zvinhu zvisingakuvadze se CO2, N2 uye H2O, kuzadzisa chinangwa chekuchenesa.
Izvo zvinhu zvinokanganisa mhedzisiro yecatalytic oxidation zvinokonzeresa hunhu, tembiricha, nguva yekuita, pH kukosha, ammonia nitrogen concentration, kudzvanywa, kukurudzira kusimba uye zvichingodaro.
Iyo nzira yekushatisa yeozonated ammonia nitrogen yakadzidzwa.Mhedzisiro yacho yakaratidza kuti kana pH yakawedzera, mhando yeHO radical ine simba oxidation kugona yakagadzirwa, uye mwero weoxidation wakakwidziridzwa zvakanyanya.Zvidzidzo zvinoratidza kuti ozone inogona oxidize ammonia nitrogen kune nitrite uye nitrite kune nitrate.Kuwanda kweammonia nitrogen mumvura kunoderera nekuwedzera kwenguva, uye kubviswa kweammonia nitrogen inenge 82%.CuO-Mn02-Ce02 yakashandiswa sechinhu chinosanganisa kurapa ammonia nitrogen tsvina yemvura.Mhedzisiro yekuedza inoratidza kuti iyo oxidation chiitiko cheiyo ichangobva kugadzirirwa composite catalyst inovandudzwa zvakanyanya, uye akakodzera maitiro mamiriro ari 255 ℃, 4.2MPa uye pH = 10.8.Mukurapwa kweammonia nitrogen wastewater ine yekutanga kusanganiswa kwe1023mg/L, kubviswa kweammonia nitrogen kunogona kusvika 98% mukati me150min, kusvika kune yechipiri yenyika (50mg/L) yekubuda mwero.
Iyo inokonzeresa kuita kwezeolite yakatsigira TiO2 photocatalyst yakaongororwa nekudzidza kuderera kweammonia nitrogen mu sulfuric acid solution.Zvigumisiro zvinoratidza kuti iyo yakakwana dosage yeTi02 / zeolite photocatalyst ndeye 1.5g / L uye nguva yekuita ndeye 4h pasi pe ultraviolet irradiation.Iko kubviswa kweammonia nitrogen kubva mumvura yakasvibiswa kunogona kusvika 98.92%.Kubvisa mhedzisiro yesimbi yakakwira uye nano-chin dioxide pasi pe ultraviolet mwenje pane phenol uye ammonia nitrogen yakadzidzwa.Zvigumisiro zvinoratidza kuti kubviswa kweammonia nitrogen ndeye 97.5% apo pH = 9.0 inoshandiswa kune ammonia nitrogen solution ine huwandu hwe50mg / L, iyo 7.8% uye 22.5% yakakwirira kudarika iyo yesimbi yakakwirira kana Chine dioxide chete.
Catalytic oxidation nzira ine zvakanakira kucheneswa kwepamusoro, maitiro akareruka, nzvimbo diki yepasi, nezvimwewo, uye inowanzo shandiswa kurapa yakakwira-concentration ammonia nitrogen tsvina.Iyo yakaoma yekushandisa ndeye nzira yekudzivirira kurasikirwa kwecatalyst uye corrosion kudzivirira kwemidziyo.
⑤electrochemical oxidation nzira
Electrochemical oxidation method inzira yekubvisa zvinosvibisa mumvura nekushandisa electrooxidation ine catalytic activity.Izvo zvinopesvedzera zvinhu ndezvazvino density, inlet flow rate, nguva yekubuda uye point solution nguva.
I-electrochemical oxidation yeammonia-nitrogen wastewater mumhepo inotenderera electrolytic cell yakadzidzwa, apo iyo yakanaka ndeyeTi / Ru02-TiO2-Ir02-SnO2 network magetsi uye iyo yakaipa ndeyeTi network magetsi.Zvigumisiro zvinoratidza kuti kana chloride ion concentration iine 400mg/L, yekutanga ammonia nitrogen concentration i40mg/L, influent flow rate i600mL/min, density iripo i20mA/cm, uye nguva ye electrolytic i90min, iyo ammonia. nitrogen kubvisa chiyero ndeye 99.37%.Zvinoratidza kuti electrolytic oxidation yeammonia-nitrogen tsvina ine tarisiro yakanaka yekushandisa.
3. Biochemical nitrogen kubvisa maitiro
①iyo yose nitrification uye denitrification
Whole-process nitrification uye denitrification imhando yebiological nzira yakashandiswa zvakanyanya kwenguva yakareba parizvino.Inoshandura ammonia nitrogen mumvura yetsvina kuita nitrogen kuburikidza nekutevedzana kwekuita senge nitrification uye denitrification pasi pechiito chezvipembenene zvakasiyana-siyana, kuitira kuti uwane chinangwa chekuchenesa mvura.Iyo nzira ye nitrification uye denitrification kubvisa ammonia nitrogen inoda kupfuura nematanho maviri:
Nitrification reaction: Iyo nitrification reaction inopedzwa ne aerobic autotrophic microorganisms.Munzvimbo ye aerobic, inorganic nitrogen inoshandiswa seyo nitrogen sosi yekushandura NH4+ kuita NO2-, uyezve inoiswa oxidized kuNO3-.Iyo nitrification process inogona kukamurwa kuita nhanho mbiri.Muchikamu chechipiri, nitrite inoshandurwa kuita nitrate (NO3-) nehutachiona hwe nitrifying, uye nitrite inoshandurwa kuita nitrate (NO3-) nehutachiona hwe nitrifying.
Denitrification reaction: Denitrification reaction ndiyo nzira iyo mabhakitiriya ekudzivirira anoderedza nitrite nitrogen uye nitrate nitrogen kune gaseous nitrogen (N2) mumamiriro e hypoxia.Denitrifying mabhakitiriya ari heterotrophic microorganisms, mazhinji acho ari amphictic mabhakitiriya.Mumamiriro ezvinhu e hypoxia, vanoshandisa oxygen mu nitrate se electron acceptor uye organic matter (BOD chikamu mumvura yetsvina) se electron donor kupa simba uye kuva oxidized uye kugadzikana.
Iyo yese process nitrification uye denitrification engineering maapplication anonyanya kusanganisira AO, A2O, oxidation ditch, nezvimwewo, inova nzira yakakura kwazvo inoshandiswa mubiological nitrogen yekubvisa indasitiri.
Iyo yese nitrification uye denitrification nzira ine zvakanakira kugadzikana mhedzisiro, nyore kushanda, hapana kusvibiswa kwechipiri uye mutengo wakaderera.Iyi nzira inewo zvimwe zvipingamupinyi, senge kabhoni sosi inofanira kuwedzerwa kana chiyero cheC/N mumvura yetsvina chadzikira, tembiricha inodiwa yakanyanya kuomarara, kushanda kwayo kwakadzikira pakudziya kwakadzika, nzvimbo yakakura, kudiwa kweokisijeni. yakakura, uye zvimwe zvinhu zvinokuvadza zvakadai seheavy metal ions zvine simba rekumanikidza pane tupukanana, izvo zvinoda kubviswa nzira yebhayoloji isati yaitwa.Pamusoro pezvo, iyo yakakwira yeammonia nitrogen mumvura yetsvina inewo inhibitory mhedzisiro pakuita nitrification.Naizvozvo, pretreatment inofanira kuitwa pamberi kurapwa kwepamusoro-concentration ammonia nitrogen tsvina yemvura kuitira kuti kusanganiswa kweammonia nitrogen tsvina isingasviki 500mg/L.Iyo yechinyakare biological nzira inokodzera kurapwa kweyakadzika mazinga ammonia nitrogen tsvina ine organic zvinhu, senge tsvina yemumba, makemikari tsvina, nezvimwe.
②Simultaneous nitrification uye denitrification (SND)
Kana nitrification uye denitrification ichiitwa pamwe chete mune imwechete reactor, inodaidzwa kuti simultaneous digestion denitrification (SND).Okisijeni yakanyungudika mumvura yetsvina inoganhurirwa nechiyero chekupararira kuti ibudise yakanyungudika okisijeni gradient munzvimbo ine microbial floc kana biofilm, izvo zvinoita kuti yakanyungudika yeokisijeni gradient pamusoro pekunze kweiyo microbial floc kana biofilm inobatsira pakukura nekupararira. ye aerobic nitrifying mabhakitiriya uye ammoniating mabhakitiriya.Iyo yakadzika mukati meiyo floc kana membrane, iyo yakadzika iyo yakanyungudika oksijeni, zvichikonzera inoxic zone iyo inodzivirira bhakitiriya inotonga.Saka kugadzira panguva imwe chete digestion uye denitrification maitiro.Zvinhu zvinokanganisa kugaya panguva imwe chete uye denitrification ndeye PH kukosha, tembiricha, alkalinity, organic kabhoni sosi, yakanyungudika oksijeni uye sludge age.
Panguva imwecheteyo nitrification / denitrification yaivepo muCarrousel oxidation ditch, uye kusangana kweokisijeni yakanyungudika pakati peiyo aerated impeller muCarrousel oxidation ditch yakadzikira zvishoma nezvishoma, uye okisijeni yakanyungudika muchikamu chezasi cheCarrousel oxidation ditch yaive yakaderera pane iyo iri kumusoro. .Kuumbwa uye kushandiswa kwenitrate nitrogen muchikamu chega chega inenge yakaenzana, uye huwandu hweammonia nitrogen mumugero unogara wakaderera zvikuru, izvo zvinoratidza kuti nitrification uye denitrification reactions inoitika panguva imwe chete muCarrousel oxidation channel.
Ongororo pamusoro pekurapwa kwetsvina yemumba inoratidza kuti kukwirisa CODCr, ndiko kuwedzera kuzara kwe denitrification uye kubviswa kweTN kuri nani.Mhedzisiro yeokisijeni yakanyungudika pane imwe nguva nitrification uye denitrification yakakura.Kana iyo okisijeni yakanyungudika ichidzorwa pa 0.5 ~ 2mg / L, iyo yakazara nitrogen yekubvisa maitiro yakanaka.Panguva imwecheteyo, iyo nitrification uye denitrification nzira inochengetedza reactor, inopfupisa nguva yekuita, ine yakaderera simba rekushandisa, inochengetedza mari, uye iri nyore kuchengetedza pH kukosha kwakadzikama.
③Kugaya kwenguva pfupi uye denitrification
Mune imwecheteyo reactor, mabhakitiriya eammonia oxidizing anoshandiswa kuita oxidize ammonia kune nitrite pasi pemamiriro eaerobic, uyezve nitrite inorambwa zvakananga kugadzira nitrogen ine organic matter kana yekunze kabhoni sosi seelectron donor pasi pe hypoxia mamiriro.Izvo zvinofurira zvinhu zvepfupi-renji nitrification uye denitrification tembiricha, yemahara ammonia, pH kukosha uye yakanyungudika oksijeni.
Mhedzisiro yekushisa pane ipfupi-renji nitrification yesuweji yemasipala isina mvura yegungwa uye masewage ekanzuru ane 30% yegungwa.Mhedzisiro dzekuedza dzinoratidza kuti: kune masewage emanisiparati isina mvura yegungwa, kuwedzera tembiricha kunobatsira kuwana pfupi-renji nitrification.Kana chikamu chemvura yegungwa mutsvina yemumba chiri 30%, pfupi-renji nitrification inogona kuwanikwa zvirinani pasi pemamiriro ekushisa epakati.Delft University of Technology yakagadzira nzira yeSHARON, kushandiswa kwekushisa kwepamusoro (kunenge 30-4090) kunobatsira pakupararira kwebhakitiriya nitrite, kuitira kuti mabhakitiriya e nitrite arasikirwe nemakwikwi, nepo nekudzora zera remarara kuti abvise mabhakitiriya e nitrite, saka. iyo nitrification reaction muchikamu che nitrite.
Zvichienderana nemusiyano wekushamwaridzana kweokisijeni pakati pemabhakitiriya enitrite uye mabhakitiriya enitrite, Gent Microbial Ecology Laboratory yakagadzira nzira yeOLAND kuti iwane kuunganidzwa kwenitrite nitrogen nekudzora okisijeni yakanyungudika kubvisa mabhakitiriya enitrite.
Mhedzisiro yemhedzisiro yekurapwa kwekubikira mvura yetsvina nekupfupi-range nitrification uye denitrification inoratidza kuti kana iyo influent COD, ammonia nitrogen, TN uye phenol concentrations iri 1201.6,510.4,540.1 uye 110.4mg/L, avhareji effluent COD, ammonia nitrogen. , TN uye phenol concentrations ndeye 197.1,14.2,181.5 uye 0.4mg / L, maererano.Izvo zvinoenderana nekubvisa mitengo yaive 83.6%,97.2%, 66.4% uye 99.6%, zvichiteerana.
Short-range nitrification uye denitrification process haipfuuri nenhanho yenitrate, ichichengetedza iyo kabhoni sosi inodiwa pakubvisa nitrogen yebiological.Iine zvimwe zvakanakira ammonia nitrogen wastewater ine yakaderera C/N ratio.Short-renji nitrification uye denitrification ine zvakanakira kushoma sludge, pfupi yekuita nguva uye kuchengetedza reactor vhoriyamu.Nekudaro, ipfupi-renji nitrification uye denitrification inoda yakagadzikana uye kusingaperi kuunganidzwa kwenitrite, saka nzira yekudzivisa zvinobudirira basa renitrifying mabhakitiriya inova kiyi.
④ Anaerobic ammonia oxidation
Anaerobic ammoxidation inzira yekuisa yakananga oxidation yeammonia nitrogen kune nitrogen ne autotrophic mabhakitiriya pasi pemamiriro e hypoxia, ine nitrous nitrogen kana nitrous nitrogen seyakagashira maelectron.
Migumisiro yekushisa uye PH pamabasa ehupenyu e anammoX akadzidzwa.Mhedzisiro yacho yakaratidza kuti tembiricha yakakwana yaive 30 ℃ uye pH kukosha yaive 7.8.Iko kugona kweanaerobic ammoX reactor yekurapa salinity yakakwira uye yakakwira nitrogen tsvina yemvura yakadzidzwa.Mhedzisiro yacho yakaratidza kuti salinity yakakwira zvakanyanya kuvharisa anammoX chiitiko, uye inhibition iyi yakadzoserwa.Basa reanaerobic ammox yetsvina isina kukwana yaiva 67.5% yakaderera pane iyo yekudzora sludge pasi pemunyu we30g.L-1 (NaC1).Iyo anammoX chiitiko cheiyo acclimated sludge yaive 45.1% yakaderera pane iyo yekutonga.Apo sludge yakagadziridzwa yakatamiswa kubva munzvimbo ine munyu wakakwirira kuenda kune yakaderera salinity nharaunda (pasina brine), anaerobic ammoX basa rakawedzerwa ne 43.1%.Nekudaro, iyo reactor inowanzoita kuderera kwekushanda kana ichimhanya mumunyu wakanyanya kwenguva yakareba.
Kuenzaniswa nemaitiro echinyakare ebhayoloji, anaerobic ammoX ndeyezve hupfumi biological nitrogen yekubvisa tekinoroji isina imwe kabhoni sosi, yakaderera oksijeni kudiwa, hapana chikonzero chekuti mareagents aite zvishoma, uye kushoma kugadzirwa kwemarara.Zvakaipa zveanaerobic ammox ndezvokuti kukurumidza kwekuita kunononoka, vhoriyamu ye reactor yakakura, uye carbon source haina kunaka kune anaerobic amMOX, iyo ine zvakakosha pakugadzirisa ammonia nitrogen tsvina ine biodegradability isina kunaka.
4.kuparadzanisa uye adsorption nitrogen kubvisa maitiro
① nzira yekuparadzanisa membrane
Membrane separation method ndeye kushandisa yakasarudzwa permeability ye membrane kusarudza kuparadzanisa zvikamu zviri mumvura, kuitira kuti uwane chinangwa chekubvisa ammonia nitrogen.Kusanganisira reverse osmosis, nanofiltration, deammoniating membrane uye electrodialysis.Zvinhu zvinokanganisa kupatsanurwa kwe membrane ndeye membrane maitiro, kudzvanywa kana voltage, pH kukosha, tembiricha uye ammonia nitrogen concentration.
Zvinoenderana nemhando yemvura yeammonia nitrogen tsvina yemvura inoburitswa neisingawanzo kunyungudutsa pasi, iyo reverse osmosis kuyedza yakaitwa neNH4C1 uye NaCI yakateedzera tsvina.Zvakaonekwa kuti pasi pemamiriro akafanana, reverse osmosis ine chiyero chepamusoro chekubvisa cheNaCI, nepo NHCl ine mwero wepamusoro wekugadzira mvura.Muyero wekubvisa weNH4C1 ndeye 77.3% mushure mekurapa reverse osmosis, iyo inogona kushandiswa seyakagadziriswa ammonia nitrogen tsvina yemvura.Reverse osmosis tekinoroji inogona kuchengetedza simba, yakanaka yekudziya kugadzikana, asi chlorine kuramba, kusvibiswa kuramba kwakashata.
A biochemical nanofiltration membrane separation process yakashandiswa kurapa leachate yekurasira, zvekuti 85% ~ 90% yemvura inopindika yakaburitswa zvichienderana neyakajairwa, uye chete 0% ~ 15% yemvura yakanyungudutswa yetsvina uye madhaka yakadzoserwa tangi remarara.Ozturki et al.yakabata leachate yemarara yeOdayeri muTurkey nenanofiltration membrane, uye kubviswa kweammonia nitrogen kwaive 72%.Nanofiltration membrane inoda kudzika kwakadzika pane reverse osmosis membrane, iri nyore kushanda.
Iyo ammonia-inobvisa membrane system inowanzo shandiswa mukurapa kwetsvina ine yakakwira ammonia nitrogen.Iyo ammonia nitrogen mumvura ine chiyero chinotevera: NH4- +OH-= NH3+H2O iri kushanda, mvura yetsvina ine ammonia inoyerera mugoko remembrane module, uye mvura inobata asidhi inoyerera mupombi ye membrane. module.Kana iyo PH yemvura yetsvina ichiwedzera kana tembiricha yakwira, iyo yakaenzana ichaenda kurudyi, uye iyo ammonium ion NH4- inova iyo yemahara gasi NH3.Panguva ino, gaseous NH3 anogona kupinda asidhi absorption mvura chikamu mupombi kubva tsvina chikamu mugoko kuburikidza micropores pamusoro pevhu faibha, iyo inobatwa neasidhi mhinduro uye pakarepo inova ionic NH4-.Chengetedza PH yemvura yetsvina iri pamusoro pegumi, uye tembiricha iri pamusoro pe35 ° C (pazasi pe50 ° C), kuitira kuti NH4 iri muchikamu chemvura yetsvina irambe ichive NH3 kune inonwisa mvura chikamu chekufamba.Nekuda kweizvozvo, kuwanda kweammonia nitrogen parutivi rwemvura yetsvina kwakadzikira nguva dzose.Iyo asidhi yekunyudza mvura chikamu, nekuti kune chete asidhi uye NH4-, inoumba yakachena kwazvo ammonium munyu, uye inosvika kune imwe denderedzwa mushure mekutenderera kutenderera, iyo inogona kudzokororwa.Kune rumwe rutivi, kushandiswa kweiyi tekinoroji kunogona kuvandudza zvakanyanya kubviswa kweammonia nitrogen mumvura yetsvina, uye kune rumwe rutivi, inogona kuderedza iyo yakazara yekushandisa mutengo wetsvina yekurapa system.
②electrodialysis nzira
Electrodialysis inzira yekubvisa yakanyungudika kubva muminyungurudzo yemvura nekushandisa voltage pakati pema membrane pairs.Pasi pechiito chemagetsi, maion ammonia nemamwe maion mumvura yakasvibiswa yeammonia-nitrogen inowedzerwa kuburikidza ne membrane mumvura ine ammonia-ine mvura yakadzika, kuitira kuti uwane chinangwa chekubvisa.
Iyo electrodialysis nzira yakashandiswa kurapa inorganic tsvina ine yakanyanya kuwanda yeammonia nitrogen uye yakawana mhedzisiro yakanaka.Kune 2000-3000mg / L ammonia nitrogen wastewater, kubviswa kweammonia nitrogen kunogona kudarika 85%, uye mvura yakadzika yeammonia inogona kuwanikwa ne8.9%.Kuwanda kwemagetsi anopedzwa panguva yekushanda kwe electrodialysis inoenzanirana nehuwandu hweammonia nitrogen mumvura yakasviba.Electrodialysis kurapwa kwemvura yakasviba haina kuganhurirwa nepH kukosha, tembiricha uye kudzvanywa, uye iri nyore kushanda.
Zvakanakira kuparadzaniswa kwemembrane ndeyekudzoreredza kweammonia nitrogen, kushanda kuri nyore, kwakagadzikana kurapwa maitiro uye hakuna kusvibiswa kwechipiri.Zvisinei, mukurapa kwepamusoro-concentration ammonia nitrogen wastewater, kunze kwedeammoniated membrane, mamwe ma membranes ari nyore kuyera uye kuvhara, uye kuberekwa patsva uye backwashing nguva dzose, kuwedzera mari yekurapa.Nokudaro, nzira iyi inonyanya kukodzera kune pretreatment kana yakaderera-concentration ammonia nitrogen wastewater.
③ Ion shanduko nzira
Ion exchange method inzira yekubvisa ammonia nitrogen kubva mumvura ine tsvina nekushandisa zvinhu zvine simba rinosarudza adsorption yeammonia ions.Iyo inowanzo shandiswa adsorption zvinhu ndeye activated kabhoni, zeolite, montmorillonite uye kuchinjanisa resin.Zeolite imhando ye silico-aluminate ine matatu-dimensional spatial chimiro, yakajairwa pore chimiro uye makomba, pakati peiyo clinoptilolite ine yakasimba yakasarudzika adsorption kugona kweammonia ion uye yakaderera mutengo, saka inowanzoshandiswa sechinhu chinoshongedza cheammonia nitrogen tsvina yemvura. mune engineering.Zvinhu zvinokanganisa maitiro ekurapa kweclinoptilolite zvinosanganisira saizi yechikamu, influent ammonia nitrogen concentration, nguva yekubata, pH kukosha uye zvichingodaro.
Iyo adsorption mhedzisiro yezeolite paammonia nitrogen iri pachena, inoteverwa neranite, uye mhedzisiro yevhu uye ceramisite haina kunaka.Nzira huru yekubvisa ammonia nitrogen kubva kuzeolite ndeye ion exchange, uye iyo yemuviri adsorption mhedzisiro idiki kwazvo.Iyo ion yekuchinjana mhedzisiro yeceramite, ivhu uye ranite yakafanana neyemuviri adsorption maitiro.Iyo adsorption kugona kwemafiller mana yakadzikira nekuwedzera kwekushisa mukati me15-35 ℃, uye yakawedzera nekuwedzera kwepH kukosha muhuwandu hwe3-9.Iyo adsorption equilibrium yakasvikwa mushure me6h oscillation.
Iko kugona kwekubvisa ammonia nitrogen kubva kumarara leachate ne zeolite adsorption yakadzidzwa.Mhedzisiro yekuedza inoratidza kuti giremu yega yega yezeolite ine mashoma adsorption kugona kwe15.5mg ammonia nitrogen, kana zeolite particle size iri 30-16 mesh, kubviswa kweammonia nitrogen kunosvika 78.5%, uye pasi penguva imwechete yekushambadza, dosage uye zeolite particle size, iyo yakanyanya kupesvedzera ammonia nitrogen concentration, inokwira iyo adsorption rate, uye zvinogoneka kune zeolite se adsorbent kubvisa ammonia nitrogen kubva kune leachate.Panguva imwecheteyo, inoratidzwa kuti iyo adsorption rate yeammonia nitrogen ne zeolite yakaderera, uye zvakaoma kuti zeolite isvike saturation adsorption kugona mukushanda kunoshanda.
Mhedzisiro yekubvisa yebiological zeolite mubhedha panitrogen, COD uye zvimwe zvinosvibisa mune yakateedzerwa tsvina yemumusha yakadzidzwa.Zvigumisiro zvinoratidza kuti kubviswa kweammonia nitrogen ne biological zeolite bed inopfuura 95%, uye kubviswa kwenitrate nitrogen kunonyanya kukanganiswa ne hydraulic residence time.
Iyo ion yekutsinhana nzira ine zvakanakira yekudyara kudiki, maitiro akareruka, nyore kushanda, kusanzwa kune chepfu uye tembiricha, uye kushandiswazve kwezeolite nekuzvarwa patsva.Zvisinei, kana uchirapa mvura yakasvibiswa yeammonia nitrogen, kuvandudzwa kunowanzoitwa, izvo zvinounza kusagadzikana kune kushanda, saka inoda kusanganiswa nedzimwe nzira dzekugadzirisa ammonia nitrogen, kana kushandiswa kurapa pasi-concentration ammonia nitrogen wastewater.
Wholesale 4A Zeolite Mugadziri uye Mutengesi |EVERBRIGHT (cnchemist.com)
Nguva yekutumira: Jul-10-2024
